1、划分:音节的核心是元音,有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节的词叫多音节词。
2、音节分重读音节和非重读音节。重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节 ,并用 标记,单音节词只有一个音节,本身就重读,不用标记 。
如: / 5fC:tI /, / 5lesn/, / bCI/
3、成音节:(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音,但也是一个音节,成音节属于非重读音节。
4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节,有一个音节重读,一个音节次重读,分别用 和来标记。
如:/ 5grAnd9mQT[/
5、开音节:a) 元+辅+ e name, bike, tone
b) 辅+元 he, go, hi
在开音节中,元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。
6、闭音节:a) 辅+元+辅 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup;
b)元+辅 it us
在闭音节中,元音字母发短音。
三:拼读规则:
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 |
开音节读音 |
例 词 |
闭音节读音 |
例 词 |
a |
[ei] |
name plane Jane
baby cake |
[æ] |
angle bag dad
hat map black back |
e |
[i:] |
he these me
Chinese |
[e] |
bed let pen
desk yes egg |
i(y) |
[ai] |
bike fly drive
time nice kite by sky |
[i] |
fish big drink
sit milk swim |
o |
[Зu] |
those close go
hoe home no |
[o] |
clock not box
shop sock |
u |
[ju:] |
student excuse
duty Tuesday |
[Q] |
bus cup jump
much lunch |
在重读开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音 |
June blue ruler
super |
|
|
五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种,在开音节中发长音(长元音和双元音),在闭音节中发短音(短元音)。
元音字母开音节规则,有些常用词汇例外,如have[h æv, hЗv,],give[ɡiv],live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
a |
[З] |
China another
woman breakfast |
[i] |
orange comrade
village cabbage |
|
e |
[i] |
chicken pocket
begin children |
[З] |
hundred student
open moment |
|
i(y) |
[i ]/ [З] |
holiday
beautiful family baby |
[ai] |
exercise
satellite occupy |
|
o |
[З] |
second tonight
somebody welcome |
[Зu] |
also zero photo |
|
u |
[З] |
autumn
difficult |
[ju:] |
popular
congratulation January |
|
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音 |
operate |
|
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u:]音 |
July influence
February issue true blue |
|
处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读[З]或不发音 |
Even seven open
level civil problem |
|
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作[З]音,也可以读作[i]音。 |
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
a在[w]音后面 |
[o] |
want what watch
wash quality watt |
a在f n sk ph sp ss
st th前 |
[ɑ:] |
after plant
graph ask grasp glass fast father |
i在-nd –ld和gh前 |
[ai] |
find child
light high |
o在-st –ld前 |
[Зu] |
most postcard
old cold |
o在m n v th前 |
[Q] |
come monkey
love mother |
4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
ar |
[ɑ:] |
car farm dark
sharpener |
ar在[w]音后面 |
[o:] |
warm quarter
towards |
or |
[o:] |
forty morning
short |
or在[w]音后面 |
[З:] |
word worker
worse |
er ir ur |
[З:] |
certainly bird
Thursday |
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。[æ] [e] [i] [o] [Q] |
Carry berry mirror
sorry hurry |
|
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[З]音 |
dollar teacher
martyr comfort Saturday |
注:双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母,通常按闭音节发音。例如:supper hammer
5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
are |
[eЗ] |
care dare hare
various |
ere |
[iЗ] |
here mere |
[eЗ] |
there where |
|
ire |
[aiЗ] |
fire hire wire |
ore |
[o:] |
more score
before |
ure |
[juЗ] |
pure cure |
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。 |
Parent zero
inspiring story during |
|
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 |
Orange very
American paragraph forest spirit |
|
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[З]音 |
picture
pleasure |
|
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[Зr]音 |
salary |
6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
ai/ay |
[ei] |
afraid rain train wait day play
may |
air |
[eЗ] |
air hair chair pair repair |
al al 在 f m 前 |
[o:] |
small ball talk wall all |
[o:l]
|
always also salt almost |
|
[ɑ:] |
half calm |
|
au/aw /aur |
[o:] |
autumn daughter draw dinosaur |
ea |
[i:] |
teach easy cheap please |
[e] |
heavy bread sweater weather |
|
[ei] |
break great |
|
ear |
[iЗ] |
hear dear near clear year |
[eЗ] |
bear pear wear swear |
|
[З:] |
earth learn early |
|
ee |
[i:] |
jeep week green three |
eer |
[iЗ] |
pioneer deer beer |
ei/ey/eigh |
[ei] |
eight neighbour they |
eir |
[eЗ]/[iЗ] |
their heir weird |
eu/ew
在
j l r 后 |
[ju:] |
new few newspaper |
[u:] |
flew brew jewelry |
|
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei |
[i:] |
piece field receive seize |
oa |
[Зu] |
coat Joan boat goal |
igh |
[ai] |
light fight might tight
nightsight |
oar/oor |
[o:] |
roar board door floor |
oi/oy |
[oi] |
noise point boy toilet |
ol |
[Зu] |
control volt jolt |
oo |
[u:] |
broom food tooth school too |
[u] |
book look cook foot good |
|
ou/ow |
[au] |
house count about down flower |
[Зu] |
though know row throw low |
|
[Q] |
young country enough |
|
[u:] |
group you soup through |
|
oul |
[u] |
would should could |
our |
[o:] |
course your four |
[auЗ] |
our hour ours |
|
[З:] |
journey |
|
ui ui 在j l r s后 |
[ju:i] |
annuity continuity |
[u:] |
juice fruit suit |
注:不常用的元音字组: eo: peony [piЗni] (people 一词中的o不发音,e 处于绝对开音节位置。)leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
ai/ay ei/ey |
[ei] |
Sunday foreign
monkey |
-cia, -tia,
-sia, cie |
[FЗ] |
social martial
Russia |
ow |
[Зu] |
yellow sparrow
tomorrow |
元音字组在非重读音节中 |
[ei ]音或[З]音 |
neighbour
serious famous biscuit coffee |
-sion –tion |
[FЗn] |
impression
nation |
-sion在元音字母后 |
[VЗn] |
vision decision
occasion |
-stion |
[stFЗn] |
question
suggestion |
-sten |
[sn] |
listen christen |
-stle |
[sl] |
whistle jostle
castle |
-ssure |
[FЗ] |
pressure |
-sure在元音字母后 |
[VЗ] |
pleasure measure |
-ture |
[tFЗ] |
picture culture |
元音+辅音+e结尾的动词中(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute)
|
开音节规则读音 [eit], [aiz], [ju:t] |
Radiate
eliminate modernize organize contribute institute |
元音a+辅音+e出现在名词或形容词中,a读音 |
[i:] |
comrade village
accurate |
8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音
注:元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。 元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui),少数几个辅音字母(r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。
读 音 |
例 词 |
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 |
everyday[ei]
handbag['hændbæɡ]
blackboard[blækbo:d] |
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 |
sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday 星期天 holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday 假日 cup茶杯+board木板[o:]>cupboard[З] 碗柜 main主要部分+land陆地[æ]>mainland[З] 大陆 |
9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音
辅字组 |
读 音 |
例 词 |
b |
[b] |
bike bus bag |
b在m后 |
[/]不发音 |
bomb tomb lamb
climb |
c |
[k] |
cake picture
coat music |
c在e, i, y前 |
[s] |
face decide
cinema cyst |
h |
[h] |
he hair |
ch |
[tF] |
much chick rich
teacher |
ch |
[k] |
school headache
chemistry |
ch |
[F] |
machine Chicago |
-ck |
[k] |
cock pocket
black knock |
d |
[d] |
doctor bread
hand day |
-dge |
[dV] |
bridge fridge |
dr- |
[dr] |
children driver
drink |
ds |
[dz] |
hands |
f |
[f] |
five four breakfast |
g |
[ɡ] |
bag gardon go |
g在e, i, y前 |
[dV] |
orange large
German |
-gh |
[f] |
cough enough
rough |
gh- |
[ɡ] |
sorghum
spaghetti ghost |
gu- -gue |
[ɡ] |
guess league
dialogue guitar |
gu- -gue |
[ɡw] |
language
anguish penguin |
h |
[h] |
hot head house
hand |
h |
[/] |
hour honest
honor |
j |
[dV] |
jeep jar joke
join July |
k |
[k] |
kind bike skate
make week |
kn- |
[n] |
knife know
knock |
l |
[l] |
life milk
school tall |
m |
[m] |
monkey come
tomato |
-mn |
[m] |
autumn column
solemn |
n |
[n] |
not shine ten
note |
-ng在词尾 |
[η] |
morning young
wrong long |
ng在词的中间 |
[ηɡ] |
English finger
longer hungry |
n k |
[ηk] |
thank |
p |
[p] |
paper plane pig
ship pen |
ph |
[f] |
elephant photo telephone |
-q/-que |
[k] |
Iraq cheque |
qu- |
[kw] |
quality quite
quarter |
r在元音字母前 |
[r] |
red rubber
ruler rare |
s在音节开头或清辅音前 |
[s] |
sit sleep desk |
s在元音字母间或浊辅音前 |
[z] |
music husband |
s在元音字母和不发音的e之间 |
动词中读[z] 名词/形容词中读[s] |
close use lose case close use precise purpose |
sc- |
[sk] |
scarlet scout
Scotland |
sc- |
[s] |
muscle science |
sh |
[F] |
she fish shirt
wash |
t在通常情况下 |
[t] |
ten letter meet
|
t在弱读字母ia ie io前 |
[F] |
patient nation |
tch |
[tF] |
watch catch
match |
th在通常情况下 |
[θ] |
thin thirty
method three |
th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/副词中 |
[ð] |
the these with
than |
th在词尾-the -ther中 |
[ðЗ] |
clothe father
weather |
tr- |
[tr] |
tree train
country truck |
ts/tes |
[ts] |
students |
v |
[v] |
very voice love
leave |
w在元音字母前 |
[w] |
week win wake
sweet wait |
w |
[/] |
answer two wait |
wh |
[w] |
what when white
why |
-wh-在字母o前 |
[h] |
who whose whole |
x |
[ks] |
box text
exercise |
x在重读元音前 |
[ɡz] |
example exist
exact |
wr- |
[r] |
write wrong
wrist |
y-在元音字母前用作辅音 |
[j] |
yes yard yellow
young |
z |
[z] |
puzzle zero zoo |
注:在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母:b,p,d,t,v,z,k,j;在单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母:m,n,l,f,s,x。
注意:拼读单词要注意的几点:
1、浊化: / 5stjU:d[nt / student, / spel / spell school
2、连读: / 5WANk ⌒jU: / thank you, / nR t⌒ [t ⌒ C:l /
not at all, half an hour
3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 ):/ sIt daJn / sit down, good job
4、同化:Would you like it? Can't you see it?
6、辅音的分类:
发音方法 是否振动 |
爆破音 |
摩 擦 音 |
鼻 音 |
舌边音 |
破擦音 |
|
清辅音(不) |
p t k |
f s W F h |
|
|
tF ts tr |
|
浊辅音(振) |
b d g |
v z T V r |
j w |
m n N |
l |
dV d z d r |