1、划分:音节的核心元音,有多少元音就有多少音节。只有一个音节的单词叫单音节词。有多个音节的词叫多音节词

2、音节分重读音节非重读音节。重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。每个单词至少有一个(可以两个或多个)重读音节 ,并用 标记,单音节词只有一个音节,本身就重读,不用标记 。

如: / 5fC:tI /,   / 5lesn/,     / bCI/

3、成音节:(辅音+ m/n/l ) 无元音,但也是一个音节,成音节属于非重读音节。

4、有的单词有两个(或多个)重读音节,有一个音节重读,一个音节次重读,分别用 和来标记。

如:/ 5grAnd9mQT[/

5、开音节:a) 元+辅+ e   name, bike, tone  

 b) 辅+元 he, go, hi

在开音节中,元音字母发本身音,但come some等例外。

6、闭音节:a) 辅+元+辅    bad,  bed,  sit,  hot,  cup;    

 b)元+辅  it  us

在闭音节中,元音字母发短音。

三:拼读规则:

1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母
开音节读音
例 词
闭音节读音
例 词
a
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
[æ]
angle bag dad hat map black back
e
[i:]
he these me Chinese
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i(y)
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite by sky
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
[Зu]
those close go hoe home no
[o]
clock not box shop sock
u
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
[Q]
bus cup jump much lunch
在重读开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音
June blue ruler super
 
 

五个元音字母的字母音主要有两种,在开音节中发长音(长元音和双元音),在闭音节中发短音(短元音)。

元音字母开音节规则,有些常用词汇例外,如have[h æv, hЗv,],give[ɡiv],live[liv]-v/[laiv]-ad。

2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[З]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
[З]
hundred student open moment
i(y)
[i ]/ [З]
holiday beautiful family baby
[ai]
exercise satellite occupy
o
[З]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Зu]
also zero photo
u
[З]
autumn difficult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音
operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u:]音
July influence February  issue true blue
处于词尾的en,el,em,il中的e 和i读[З]或不发音
Even seven open level civil problem
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i即可以读作[З]音,也可以读作[i]音。

3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面
[o]
want what watch wash quality watt
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[ɑ:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd –ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st –ld前
[Зu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love mother

4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
[ɑ:]
car farm dark sharpener
ar在[w]音后面
[o:]
warm quarter towards
or
[o:]
forty morning short
or在[w]音后面
[З:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[З:]
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。[æ] [e] [i] [o] [Q]
Carry berry mirror sorry hurry
-r音节元音字组在非重读音节中通常读[З]音
dollar teacher martyr comfort Saturday

注:双写辅音字母前总是出现单个元音字母,通常按闭音节发音。例如:supper hammer

5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
 [eЗ]
care dare hare various
ere
[iЗ]
here mere
[eЗ]
there where
ire
[aiЗ]
fire hire wire
ore
[o:]
more score before
ure
[juЗ]
pure cure
重读音节中元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,元音字母和r构成-re音节的变体,按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
Parent zero inspiring story during
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
Orange very American paragraph forest spirit
完整的-re音节are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[З]音
picture pleasure
非重读音节中-re音节的变体通常发[Зr]音
salary

6、普通元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain train wait day play may
air
[eЗ]
air hair chair pair repair
al
al 在 f m 前
[o:]
small ball talk wall all
[o:l]
always also salt almost
[ɑ:]
half calm
au/aw /aur
[o:]
autumn daughter draw  dinosaur
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iЗ]
hear dear near clear year
[eЗ]
bear pear wear swear
 [З:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iЗ]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey/eigh
[ei]
eight neighbour they
eir
[eЗ]/[iЗ]
their  heir  weird
eu/ew 在 j l r 后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew jewelry
ie/[s]音后拼写为ei
[i:]
piece field receive seize
oa
[Зu]
coat Joan boat goal
igh
[ai]
light fight might tight nightsight
oar/oor
[o:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[oi]
noise point boy toilet
ol
[Зu]
control  volt  jolt 
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school too
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
house count about down flower
[Зu]
though know row throw low
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup through
oul
[u]
would  should  could 
our
[o:]
course your four
 [auЗ]
our hour ours
 [З:]
journey
ui
ui 在j l r s后
[ju:i]
annuity continuity
[u:]
juice fruit suit

注:不常用的元音字组: eo:  peony [piЗni] (people 一词中的o不发音,e 处于绝对开音节位置。)leopard → leop-ard 其中的字母o不发音。

7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[ei]
Sunday foreign monkey
-cia, -tia, -sia, cie
[FЗ]
social martial Russia
ow
[Зu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中
[ei ]音或[З]音
neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion –tion
[FЗn]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[VЗn]
vision decision occasion
-stion
[stFЗn]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen christen
-stle
[sl]
whistle jostle castle
-ssure
[FЗ]
pressure
-sure在元音字母后
[VЗ]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFЗ]
picture culture
元音+辅音+e结尾的动词中(-ate,-ize/ise,-ute)
开音节规则读音
[eit], [aiz], [ju:t]
Radiate eliminate modernize organize contribute institute
元音a+辅音+e出现在名词或形容词中,a读音
[i:]
comrade village accurate

8、元字组(元音字母和元音字组)在复合词非重读音节中的读音

注:元音字母指的是五个元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元音字母数量虽少,但出现的频率高。 元音字组由两个或三个元音字母在一起发一个元音(ar er ir or ur are ere ire ore ure ai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our ui),少数几个辅音字母(r l w y)也可以和元音字母一起组成元音字组。

 读 音
例 词
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
everyday[ei] handbag['hændbæɡ] blackboard[blækbo:d]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在时的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday 星期天
holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday 假日
cup茶杯+board木板[o:]>cupboard[З] 碗柜
main主要部分+land陆地[æ]>mainland[З] 大陆

9、辅字组(辅音字母和辅音字组)的读音

辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
b在m后
[/]不发音
bomb tomb lamb climb
c
[k]
cake picture coat music
c在e, i, y前
[s]
face decide cinema cyst
h
[h]
he hair
ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
ch
[k]
school headache chemistry
ch
[F]
machine Chicago
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
-dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
ds
[dz]
hands
f
[f]
 five four breakfast
g
[ɡ]
bag gardon go
g在e, i, y前
[dV]
orange large German
-gh
[f]
cough enough rough
gh-
[ɡ]
sorghum spaghetti ghost
gu- -gue
[ɡ]
guess league dialogue guitar
gu- -gue
[ɡw]
language anguish penguin
h
[h]
hot head house hand
h
[/]
hour honest honor
j
[dV]
jeep jar joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come tomato
-mn
[m]
autumn column solemn
n
[n]
not shine ten note
-ng在词尾
[η]
morning young wrong long
ng在词的中间
 [ηɡ]
English finger longer hungry
n k
[ηk]
thank
p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone
-q/-que
[k]
Iraq cheque
qu-
[kw]
quality quite quarter
r在元音字母前
[r]
red rubber ruler rare
s在音节开头或清辅音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
s在元音字母间或浊辅音前
[z]
music husband
s在元音字母和不发音的e之间
动词中读[z]
名词/形容词中读[s]
close use lose
case close use precise purpose
sc-
[sk]
scarlet scout Scotland
sc-
[s]
muscle science
sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下
[t]
ten letter meet
t在弱读字母ia ie io前
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch catch match
th在通常情况下
[θ]
thin thirty method three
th在冠词/代词/介词/连词/副词中
[ð]
the these with than
th在词尾-the -ther中
[ðЗ]
clothe father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck
ts/tes
[ts]
students
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w在元音字母前
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
w
[/]
answer two wait
wh
[w]
what when white why
-wh-在字母o前
[h]
who whose whole
x
[ks]
box text exercise
x在重读元音前
[ɡz]
example exist exact
wr-
[r]
write wrong wrist
y-在元音字母前用作辅音
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo

注:在单词中读字母名称音的前半部分的辅音字母:b,p,d,t,v,z,k,j;在单词中读字母名称音的后半部分的辅音字母:m,n,l,f,s,x。

注意:拼读单词要注意的几点:

1、浊化:  / 5stjU:d[nt /  student,   / spel / spell school

2、连读:  / 5WANk ⌒jU: / thank you,     / nR t⌒ [t ⌒ C:l /

not  at all,   half an hour

3、失去爆破(不完全爆破 ):/ sIt daJn /  sit down,  good job

4、同化:Would you like it?     Can't you see it? 

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