3.　　　 作宾语

Most of us like to watch football matches.

2.　　　 作表语

My wish is to become a teacher.

1.　　　 作主语

例如：To learn English well is not easy.

　 或　 It is not easy to learn English well.

动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：

It is + adj.+ 动词不定式

如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用for

It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.

2.动词不定式的用法

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。

(一)动词不定式的特征及用法

1.动词不定式的构成及特征

“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

1. The boy became fatter and fatter each day and ＿＿＿made his parents sad. A.which B.what C.he D.it 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ＿＿＿＿＿＿. A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 3. In fact, ＿＿＿is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A.this B.that C.there D.it 4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ＿＿＿didn’t help. A.he B.which C.she D.it 5. Does＿＿＿matter whether he can finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 6. ＿＿＿used to be thought that the earth was square. A.He B.What C.It D.That 7. I took ＿＿＿for granted that he would believe in us. A.that B.the thing C.it D.this 8. He lived in poverty, and he couldn’t help ＿＿＿. A.so B.such C.it D.that 9. We had to be patient because it＿＿＿some time ＿＿＿we got the full results. A.has been ； since B.had been ； until C.was； after D.would be ； before 10. ＿＿＿＿four years since I joined the army. A.There was B.There is C.It was D.It is 11. --　Have you ever seen a whale alive? --　Yes, I’ve seen ＿＿＿. A.that　B.it　　C.such　　D.one 12. ＿＿＿＿being March 12th, they planted trees on the hill. A.That　B.It is　 C.It　　D.This 13. --　Was that the new comer who walked by? --　＿＿＿＿＿. A.It must be that B.It must have been C.He must be D.This must have been 14. Our classroom is very clean. Do you know who＿＿＿cleaned it? A.was it that B.it was that C.was it who D.he was 15. It’s the third time ＿＿＿＿＿ arrived late this month. A.that you B.when you C.that you’ve D.when you’ve 16. He said, “＿＿＿＿＿ a long way to school. ＿＿＿＿＿ a long way to go yet before we arrived.” A.It is ； There is B.There is ； It is C.It is ； It is D.There is； There is 17. ＿＿＿＿＿＿ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not B.Where it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not 18. She finds ＿＿＿＿＿＿ boring ＿＿＿＿＿＿ at home. A.it； staying B.that； being stayed C.this； to stay D.it； stayed 19. -- Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. -- It’s no ＿＿＿＿＿ that he always gets the first place in any examination. A.question B.doubt C.problem D.wonder 20. Now then, children. It’s high time you ＿＿＿＿＿＿ and dressed. A.washed B.should wash C.were washed D.are washed 21. -- Why did he let you repeat his instruction time and time again? -- ＿＿＿＿＿＿that I remember what was＿＿＿＿＿after he went out. A.To see to it；to be done B.Making sure； to be done C.To make sure；to do D.Seeing to； done 22. ＿＿＿the people have become the master of their own country＿＿＿science can really serve the people. A.It is only then； that B.It was that； when C.It is only when； that D.It was when； then 23. ＿＿＿＿＿ is no difference between A and B. A.There B.Where C.It D.What 24. How long ＿＿＿＿＿ to finish your composition? A.will it take you B.will take you C.you will take it D.you will take 25. ＿＿＿＿＿is just like him to want to do something different from everybody else. A.It B.There C.He D.Who 26. That young Swedish＿＿＿＿＿quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. A.kept B.grew C.got D.stood 27. In late autumn leaves ＿＿＿＿＿e 28. Little Jim’s speech sounds ＿＿＿＿＿. A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely 29. The poor boy ＿＿＿＿＿ blind at the age of three. A.turned B.went C.became D.looked 30. As a child, Franc ＿＿＿＿＿. A.was alive B.grew patience C.ran wild D.came true 31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden ＿＿＿＿＿ sweet. A.become B.taste C.smell D.sound 32. She ＿＿＿＿＿ like her mother in character. A.feels B.seems C.looks D.is 33. It ＿＿＿＿＿ another fine day tomorrow. A.seems B.appears C.promises D.looks 34. His father ＿＿＿＿＿ that older than he really is. A.grows B.appears C.turns D.becomes 35. His girlfriend ＿＿＿＿＿a singer. A.has turned B.grew C.has become D.turned 36. Obviously, the old soldier’s knowledge of English＿＿＿very weak. A.seems B.rised C.remained D.looked 37. His mother ＿＿＿＿＿ teacher. A.became B.has turned C.came D.proved 38. It sounds ＿＿＿＿＿ the singing of rails. A.as B.in C.like D.as if 39. Her temperature ＿＿＿＿＿＿ to be all right. A.seems B.sounds C.appears D.looks 40. His wish to become a driver has ＿＿＿＿＿e C.grown D.turned 41. His plan ＿＿＿＿＿ to be a perfect one. A.proved B.was proved C.is proving D.proving 42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was＿＿＿ing C.getting D.going 43. These apples taste ＿＿＿＿＿. A.to be good B.good C.to be well D.well 44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday? -- That’s very beautiful. It ＿＿＿＿＿＿ so soft. A.felt B.feels C.is feeling D.fall 45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he＿＿＿＿＿asleep. A.kept B.got C.fall D.fell 46. He looks＿＿＿＿he hadn’t had a good meal for a month. A.that B.as if C.when D.so far 47. It ＿＿＿＿＿ that he was late for the train. A.loos B.turns C.gets D.seems 48. What does your brother look ＿＿＿＿＿ ? A.as B.on C.after D.like 49. She ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ red with anger as soon as she heard the news. A.went B.stayed C.became D.remained 50. What a lovely day! I hope it ＿＿＿＿＿ fine. A.stayed B.will stay C.will get D.turn 参考答案及解析 1.D。it指代上文提到的事。另外，指代上文提到的情况，还可用that；指代下文的情况用this。　 　2.D。it作人称代词,用来指代身份和性别等不明确的人。 3.D。it作形式主语,真正主语为不定式复合结构for sb. to do sth. 4.D。it指代前一分句的内容。 5.D。it作形式主语，代替if从句所表达的内容。 6.C。it作形式主语，代替真正主语that从句。 7.C。it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。 8.C。can’t／couldn’t help (it)意为“是没有办法的事”，“控制不了”。 9.D。在it +be+一段时间+before／after／since句型中，before从句中的动作经过该段时间后才会实现；after从句中的动作完成后已经过去了一段时间；since从句中的动作完成后到现在已经有一段时间了。 10.D。参见注9。 11.D。one作为不定代词用来代替上文出现的单数可数名词；it为人称代词，指代前面出现过的某个事物；that常用来指代上文提到的不可数名词。 12.C。it在此指时间,与being March 12th 构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 13.B。表示对过去情况的猜测，用“情态动词+have done”；而it代替上文所指的new comer。 14.B。who引导的从句是强调句型，在句中作宾语,用陈述语序。 15.C。it’s the second ／third time that 后的从句用完成时态。 16.A。it’s a long way中，it 代替距离，表示“那是一段很长的路”。There is a long way to go.是存在句型，表示“还有一段很长的路要走”。 17.C。Had it not been是if it had not been的倒装形式，意思是“要不是……”。 18.A。it作形式宾语，代替后面的-ing形式短语或不定式短语。 19.D。It’s no wonder that意为“毫无疑问”，“难怪”。而There is no doubt that意为“毫不怀疑”，“毫无疑问”。 20.C。It’s high time that 句型中,that从句应使用虚拟语气。根据dress的用法，应选C。washed和dressed共用助动词were。21.A。第一空为不定式作目的状语，用来回答问句。第二空的主语是what，应用被动意义的to be done. see to it that的意思是“务必使……”，“注意使……”。 22.C。该题为强调句型，强调only when引导的时间状语从句。 23.A。表示“存在区别”应使用there be句型。 24.A。该题包括It takes sb. some time to do sth.这一结构。 25.A。符合句型It’s like sb. to do sth.，句意为“只有他才会做与众不同的事。” 26.D。stand表示“保持某种状态”，后面接表示状态的形容词作表语，强调状态的延续。 27.B。turn意为“变成”“变得”。 28.A。此题应选择形容词作sounds的表语。 29.B。当表示永久性的或难以扭转的变化时，常用系动词go。 30.C。ran wild为固定短语，意思是“放荡不羁”。 31.C。smell意为“闻起来”， “有……的气味”，是系动词，后面常跟形容词作表语。 32.D。be like表示“看起来像”，可指外貌，也可指内在的品质或特征，但侧重于内在特征；look like侧重于表面特征的相像。 33.C。promise用作系动词，表示"有.....可能"，"有希望"。又如：This year promses a good harvest.今年有丰收的希望。 34.B。appear意为“显得”。 35.C。become作系动词，表示“变成”，其后的单数可数名词前要加a或an. 36.C。remain表示“继续存在”、“仍然处于某种状态”时，为系动词，后跟形容词、介词短语、-ing形式或过去分词。 37.B。turn作为系动词时，其后接名词，前不加不定冠词，参见注35。 38.C。sound,look,seem,feel作系动词时，后可接like引导的介词短语。 39.A。appear,seem,look都可以表示“看起来”，appear强调外表给人的印象，有时含有实质上并非如此的含义；seem则暗示判断有一定根据，而且这种判断往往接近于事实；look强调由视觉得出的印象。 40.B。come true是固定搭配，表示“变为现实”。其中come是系动词，表示“成为”，“变得”。 41.A。prove为系动词，意思是“被证明是”，其后跟“(to be) +形容词﹑名词等”作表语。 42.C。get为系动词，此句意为“天在逐渐变黑。” 43.B。taste为系动词，意为“尝起来”，后面跟形容词作表语。 44.B。feel为系动词，意为“摸起来”。 45.D。fall asleep为固定短语，意为“睡着”。 46.B。as if引导的从句经常使用虚拟语气。 47.D。It seems that表示“看起来……”，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。 48.D。What does sb.／sth. look like?是一个用来询问外部特征的固定句型。 49.A。go red with中的go是系动词，意思是“变为”。常常表示“由好变坏”、“由正常变为不正常”的变化。如：go bad (变坏)，go wrong (出毛病)等。此题中的went还可用turned。 50.B。stay表示“继续处于某种状态”，其后跟形容词。

4. D。细节题。根据 Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid” 可以看出来，Jonathan 是一个正常的孩子，但他却做出了一些不寻常的事情。

3. B。推断题。根据 He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly 可以看出，以前积累的经验对他以后的工作大有帮助，故 B 最佳。

2. B。细节题。根据 Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999 可推测出答案。