1.主旨大意题
主旨大意题要求考生掌握所读材料的主旨和大意,它的一般范围是:基本论点、文章标题、主题、大意或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文奄进行高度的概括或总结。
标志性句子常见的有:
Which
sentence best expresses the main idea?
Which
of the following best summaries the passage
The
passage is mainly about...
The
main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is…
The
central idea of the paragraph is that…
The
best title/headline for this passage
is…
What
is the main topic of this passage?
The
passage deals mainly with/is mainly about/is primarily concerned with...
对于这类考题,考生应做到:
(1)寻找主题句(topic:sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般说来,每一个段落有一个中心思想,尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句,其常见位置是段首第一句或第二句,但也有可能在段尾或段中。
(2)概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的,各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 ·
高考典题
(2008·山东)
Federal
regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text
messages delivered to cell phones.
Text
messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young
people. The wireless industry’s trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion
text messages are sent each month.
The
plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law
that requires improvement to the nation’s emergency alert system. The act
tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways
to alert the public about emergencies.
“The
ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones
and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help
ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to
protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other
emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.
Participation
in the alert system by carriers-telecommunications companies-is voluntary, but
it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
The
program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged
for receiving alerts.
There
would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The
first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a
terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching
threats,” which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or
even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or
so-called Amber Alerts.
The
service could be in place by 2010.