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　　You might not know it, but there is something wonderful at your fingertips(指尖). You can make people happier, healthier and more hardworking just by touching their arms or holding their hands.

　　Doctors say that body contact (接触) is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. When people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobin(血红蛋白)—a type of matter that produces that red color in blood—increases greatly. This results in more oxygen reaching every part of the body and the whole body benefits. In experiments, bottle - fed baby monkeys were separated from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became sad and inactive. Studies showed the monkeys were more probable to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their mothers.

　　Human bodies react in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed some well-fed babies in a clean nursery(托儿所) became weak. Yet babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they ate less well and were not kept as clean. The reason, he concluded, was that they often had touches from nurses.

　　Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all doctors believe touches help to reduce patients' fear of treatment. Of course, there are times when a touch is not welcome. But even if we don't like being touched, a smile can make us feel better. Smiling increases blood flow and starts the production of“happy”brain chemicals.

1．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．if people aren't touched, they'll surely become ill

B．touches usually benefit those who receive them

C．touches often make people who got them angry

D．if there are no touches, there'll be no more hemoglobin

2．If we add a sentence to the passage, which should be the best?

[　　]

A．So why not offer and receive more touches and smile more often?

[　　]

B．Don't you believe the stories of the monkeys and the children?

C．So touch everybody you meet from now on.

D．So don't get angry next time you are touched.

3．The title that best suits the passage should be ________.

[　　]

A．Wonders of Medicine

B．Always Touching Each Other

C．Keeping in Touch

D．Wonderful Touches

Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（灵长类动物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.
After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.
Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.

1. 1.

   Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?
   

   1. A.
      To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.
   2. B.
      To see if they interested in playing.
   3. C.
      To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.
   4. D.
      To find out the differences between humans and apes.
2. 2.

   Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.
   

   1. A.
      find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before
   2. B.
      find out relations among primates’ laughter
   3. C.
      see what a family tree from each species looks like
   4. D.
      make a report online in the journal Current Biology
3. 3.

   What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
   

   1. A.
      Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.
   2. B.
      Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.
   3. C.
      Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.
   4. D.
      Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.
4. 4.

   What would be the best title for the passage?
   

   1. A.
      Ape study explores evolution of laughter.
   2. B.
      Apes like to laugh when being tickled.
   3. C.
      Human laughter and ape laughter are different.
   4. D.
      Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

Some people say that the best way to reduce the size of your waist is to do stomach exercise. Many people believe that when specific muscles are exercised, the fatty tissues (组织) in the immediate area are burned up. The truth is that exercise burns fat from all over the body and not from one specific area. Of course, if you reduce the fat throughout your body, you will certainly see results around your waist too.
Some people believe that you need to exercise twice a week in order to keep a sufficient level of physical fitness. However, studies directed by American scientists show that unexercised muscles lose their strength very quickly. Within 48 to 72 hours, you must use the muscles again to reestablish (重建) the good physical effects. And what does that mean to you? American scientists concluded that while daily exercise is most helpful, exercising every other day or three days a week will keep a sufficient level of physical fitness.
Is it true that you burn more calories running one mile than walking the same distance? The answer is no. The truth is that you use the same amount of energy whether you walk or run the mile, since in both cases you are moving the same weight the same distance. The speed does not matter. Of course, if you run rather than walk for 30 minutes, you will cover more distance, and therefore burn more calories.
If your breathing doesn’t return to normal within 5 minutes after you finish exercising, you have exercised too much. Five minutes or so after exercising, your breathing should be normal, your heart shouldn’t be beating loudly, and you shouldn’t be tired.

1. 1.

   If you want to reduce the fat around your waist, you should ____.

   1. A.
      do stomach exercise
   2. B.
      exercise the waist
   3. C.
      exercise all the muscles of your body
   4. D.
      run fast for 30 minutes
2. 2.

   From the second paragraph, we learn that ____.  

   1. A.
      we only need to exercise twice a week
   2. B.
      we should exercise three times a week
   3. C.
      muscles lose their strength after 48 hours
   4. D.
      we should exercise every other day, or three days a week
3. 3.

   It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _________ .  

   1. A.
      you will lose more weight running one hour than walking one hour
   2. B.
      whether you run one mile or walk the same distance, you use the same amount of energy
   3. C.
      you will lose more weight running one mile than walking the same distance
   4. D.
      both A and B
4. 4.

   If you have exercised too much, _______. 

   1. A.
      your breathing will take longer than 5 minutes to return to normal after you finish exercising
   2. B.
      your breathing will return to normal within 5 minutes after finishing exercising
   3. C.
      your heart will not be beating loudly
   4. D.
      you will be too tired to move
5. 5.

   This passage tells us that _________.  

   1. A.
      it is better to do more running than walking
   2. B.
      the more exercise you do, the healthier you will be
   3. C.
      the unexercised muscles must be used again within 48 to 72 hours
   4. D.
      in order to lose weight, you have to run fast

Relation between the United States and Columbia suffered for many years because of an incident involving the Republic of Panama. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, many Americans felt that an easier and faster way was needed to get ships from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Some people in the United States first believed that a canal across Nicaragua was the answer. However, President Theodore Roosevelt decided that a canal through Panama would be a better choice.
In order to build the canal , the United States had to negotiate （谈判） a treaty with Columbia , which at that time controlled Panama . Roosevelt offered Columbia $ 10 million plus $ 250,000 a year for 99 years for a six-mile-wide strip of land across Panama. Columbia rejected the United States’ offer. This ranged President Roosevelt, and negotiations with Columbia ended.
In 1903, a revolution broke out in Panama. The United States ships were sent by President Roosevelt to protect the Panamanian revolutionaries from Columbian forces. The revolution succeeded, and Panama declared its independence from Columbia. The United States then negotiated with the newly formed government. A treaty was signed, and the United States began building the canal.
As a result of the incident, Columbia and the United States remained on bad terms for many years. Not until 1921, when the United States agreed to pay Columbia some compensation (赔偿) for its territory, did relations between the two countries improve.

1. 1.

   According to the passage, the United States and Columbia were on bad terms because the United States had ________.

   1. A.
      at first wished to build a canal through Nicaragua
   2. B.
      promised to pay Columbia $ 10 million for Panama
   3. C.
      wished to build a canal through Panama
   4. D.
      supported Panamanian revolutionaries in their fight for independence from Columbia.
2. 2.

     From the information in the passage, it can be concluded that the United States ______.

   1. A.
      wanted to build a canal because it was considered starting a war
   2. B.
      felt that building a canal through Panama was worth the risk of ruining relations with Columbia
   3. C.
      believed that a canal through Nicaragua would be profitable
   4. D.
      had lost the Spanish-American War
3. 3.

     It can be inferred from the passage that an important reason for the decision of the United States to build a canal was to _______.

   1. A.
      develop trade relations with Europe
   2. B.
      improve relations with South American countries
   3. C.
      prevent European ships from reaching the Pacific Ocean
   4. D.
      reduce travel time for its ships in case of war
4. 4.

   The passage mainly gives us________.

   1. A.
      advice                   
   2. B.
      information              
   3. C.
      humor       
   4. D.
      news

The environmental group 350.org has launched a new campaign called Climate Name Change that proposes to revise to how hurricanes are named: call them after policymakers who say that humans are not to blame for global warming.

This will save the Katrinas and Sandys of the world from the injustice of having their names attached to major disaster, the group says. And, as a bonus, it will produce some peculiar weather reports.

“Rick Perry leaves trail of death,” appears under a broadcast titled “Rick Perry: The Tragedy.”

“Michelle Bachman is incredibly dangerous. If you value your life, please seek shelter from Michelle Bachman,” says an official while addressing a news conference.

The campaign is unlikely to influence the World Meteorological Organization, which has since 1954 named Atlantic tropical storms from an official list.

But the campaign’s goal seems less to actually name a hurricane after the speaker of the house, and more to call attention to an issue that this month has reached an alarming level of seriousness. The campaign comes just a month before the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change will release its most recent report on the state of global warming and a week after a draft（草稿）of the report was given away to Reuters.

In the draft, scientists concluded with near certainty – about 95 percent sure – that humans are to blame for the worldwide temperature hikes over the last few decades. That was a revision from the 2007 report, which put scientific certainty that human activities were driving global climate change at about 90 percent.

And global warming, the report said, is not slowing down – it, actually, is accelerating. That means that sea levels could balloon upward as much as three feet by the end of the century, if emissions(排放量) continue at their current pace.

Still, as the Washington Post Climate notes, hurricanes are not the best sign of global warming. Though current data suggests that global warming will in the future stir up terrible super storms, there is still not enough evidence to support the idea that climate change strengthens the recent hurricanes that have torn at the US’s eastern coastline.

1.It can be inferred that__________ is one of the policymakers who believe that humans are not to blame for global warming.

A. Katrina                    B. Rick Perry                        C. Flossie                     D. Sandy

2.350.org has launched the campaign with the real purpose of _________________.

A. changing the ways of naming hurricanes

B. introducing the methods of naming hurricanes

C. reminding policymakers to change their attitudes

D. calling attention to the coming report on global warming

3.The draft of the global warming report tells us that _____________.

A. global warming is speeding up at the same rate

B. it is human beings that have caused global warming

C. the new report has a more accurate data than the one in 2007

D. human beings are not the only one to blame for global warming

4.The writer of the passage seems to believe that______________.

A. policymakers should be blamed for the global warming

B. the campaign will cause the change of naming hurricanes

C. global warming has no necessary relation to terrible hurricanes

D. global warming will surely cause terrible super storms in the future