none和no: no等于not any.作定语.none作主语或宾语.代替不可数名词.谓语用单数.代替可数名词.谓语单复数皆可以. There is no water in the bot——青夏教育精英家教网—

3. none和no：

no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

2. each和every:

each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。

Would you like some bananas?　 Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine.　　 Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school.　　 Do you feel any better today?

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：

1	人称代词	主格	I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格	me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2	物主代词	形容词性	my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性	mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3	反身代词	myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4	指示代词	this, that, these, those, such, some
5	疑问代词	who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6	关系代词	that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7	不定代词	one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

II. 不定代词用法注意点：

III. 零冠词的用法：

1	专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前	Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2	名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制	I want this book, not that one. /　 Whose purse is this?
3	季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前	March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4	表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前	Lincoln was made President of America.
5	学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前	He likes playing football/chess.
6	与by连用表示交通工具的名词前	by train, by air, by land
7	以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时	husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8	表示泛指的复数名词前	Horses are useful animals.

II. 定冠词的用法：

1	表示某一类人或物	The horse is a useful animal.
2	用于世上独一无二的事物名词前	the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3	表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事	Would you mind opening the door?
4	用于乐器前面	play the violin, play the guitar
5	用于形容词和分词前表示一类人	the reach, the living, the wounded
6	表示“一家人”或“夫妇”	the Greens, the Wangs
7	用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前	He is the taller of the two children.
8	用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前	the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9	用于表示发明物的单数名词前	The compass was invented in China.
10	在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代	in the 1990’s
11	用于表示单位的名词前	I hired the car by the hour.
12	用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前	He patted me on the shoulder.

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法：

1	指一类人或事，相当于a kind of	A plane is a machine that can fly.
2	第一次提及某人某物，非特指	A boy is waiting for you.
3	表示“每一”相当于every，one	We study eight hours a day.
4	表示“相同”相当于the same	We are nearly of an age.
5	用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事	A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6	用于固定词组中	A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7	用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后	This room is rather a big one.
8	用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后	She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

15. She’s gone to the new airport, _____ she ?

　　　 A. isn’t　　　　　 B. doesn’t　　　　　 C. wasn’t　　　　　 D. hasn’t

14. --- Is this _____ pen?　　　　 --- Let me see. Oh, it’s not _____. It’s Lily’s.

A. your ; mine　　 B. you ; me　　　　　 C. yours ; me　　　　 D. your ; my

13. It’s quite warm in the room. Why not _____ your coat?

A. put on　　　　 B. putting on　　　　 C. take off　　　　　 D. taking off

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