(时间：90分钟分值:120分)

第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)

1 . Doctors say it's too to carry out an opera- tion on him now because he is weak.

   A. wise   B. active   C. risky   D. comfortable

书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华，你去美籍交换生卡尔的宿舍邀请他参加你的生日聚会，但是他有事外出了。清给他 写一个留言条，要点如下：

1. 邀请他本周五晚7点参加聚会；

2. 有人来接，会提前给他打电话；

3. 你的聚会安排。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

    2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

    3. 开头和结尾己给出，但不计入总词数。

Carl,

Li Hua

短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

    2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

   This afternoon I was going home from my friend's house. It was colder and the road was covering with snow. Suddenly,I notice a woman in front of me fall off her bike. It seemed that she was badly hurt but couldn't move. I ran up to her immediate. She said that her left leg was broken into. I was worrying about her when a young man came over. He called a taxi and we took her to nearest hospital,where we called her families about the matter. Her husband rushed over soon and thanked us for our kindness. Seen the lady was well looked after,we all said good-bye to them and left.

   Spring always makes me think of all things new and bright again. The days become 61. (long) than the nights,the temperatures are on 62. rise and plants and animals burst into activity. I love this time of year and begin to focus on all the positive things in life.

   63. is not always easy to make positive behaviour changes,but sometimes a new season can bring a willingness to put a great plan 64. action. People often tell me that they want to lose weight or eat healthier. 65. I have discovered is that most people have the best 66. (intend) but do not always have a well-thought-out plan that leads to success. In order to reach 67. (we) goals we do not have to change everything,we simply just have to be willing 68. (make) a change to move in the right direction. So,identify 69.(exact) what you want to change and when you will achieve your plan. Keep focused on using simple tools that move you in the direction of 70. (be) your best self.

   In spring anything is possible if you just try.

   “Don’t talk to strangers ...” That is probably one of the 41 pieces of advice handed down from our parents. Yeah,they 42 well. Since there are bad people out there,it seems to be a good idea in order to help 43 us. And over the years we’ve learned how to keep our eyes 44 . We are used to making no eye contact with strangers.

   45,the price that we pay for this 46 is that we grow up suspicious(表示怀疑的) of others and their motives. We tend to have a(n) 47 of strangers,which is neither necessary nor 48 as we grow older.

   Most people out there are not sociopaths （反社会者) .49,most people are quite 50 . What once protected us from bad people is now preventing us from establishing relationships with 51  people!

   In general,you know that the random stranger standing next to you is very 52 to kidnap (绑架) you,yet the emotion of fear is 53 associated with talking to them. So you 54 do it. But you miss out on a lot by closing yourself off to new people like this.

   Instead,you should actively 55 that people in general are fiiendly. Why? Because they are. Most people actually are nice. We are 56 creatures,and we welcome interactions with others. Think about it: when a stranger starts a(n) 57 with you,how do you usually 58 ?

   Besides,you never know who you might 59 . The person standing behind you in a line could one day be your best friend. It 60 . But even if it's not that extreme,you never know if that person has a job opportunity for you,or is just a cool person who you would enjoy having a brief conversation with.

41. A. shortest   B. worst   C. longest   D. best

42. A. meant   B. planned   C. spoke   D. worked

43. A. inspire   B. instruct   C. change   D. protect

44. A. up   B. open   C. down   D. shut

45. A. Especially   B. Thankfully   C. Unfortunately   D. Uncertainly

46. A. safety   B. health   C. power   D. delight

47. A. anger   B. pain   C. shame   D. fear

48. A. important   B. obvious   C. humorous   D. reasonable

49. A. In case   B. In fact   C. At times   D. At first

50. A. brave   B. friendly   C. smart   D. patient

51. A. bad   B. famous   C. good   D. common

52. A. ready   B. unlikely   C. eager   D. unwilling

53. A. still   B. never   C. only   D. even

54. A. always   B. often   C. sometimes   D. seldom

55. A. doubt   B. assume   C. guess   D. decide

56. A. living   B. complex   C. unique   D. social

57. A. meeting   B. experiment   C. argument   D. conversation

58. A. listen   B. connect   C. react   D. devote

59. A. hurt   B. forget   C. meet   D. benefit

60. A. happens   B. depends   C. affects   D. fails

   Imagine you are a kid living in America in 1920,and your parents are too busy to cook dinner. Instead,they serve you something they are sure is just as healthy as chicken and vegetables: a chocolate bar.36 However,as recently as the 1940s,many Americans believed that candy was as nutritious as an entire meal. Today,we understand that some foods are better for us than others. You probably know that the oatmeal(燕麦粥) and fruit you wisely ate for breakfast were packed with vitamins and other nutrients. You probably know as well that those chewy candies hidden in your drawer are little more than sugar. 37

   Back in the early 1900s,the science of nutrition — the study of how foods affect the body — was new. 38 But the importance of vitamins was not well understood. Many scientists believed that candy was just as healthful as steak and potatoes or fish and broccoli. 39 Ads for Milky Way suggested that each bar contained a glass of milk (not true) . There was even a popular candy bar called Chicken Dinner (which,thankfully,did not contain chicken) .

   Today,we know the dangers of eating too much sugar. We also have laws that prohibit companies from creating advertisements that lie about products.

40 But most of us understand it's best left for dessert.

   A. It sounds a little crazy now.

   B. We still love candy,of course.

   C. They are still made in a Boston factory.

   D. People knew that food provided energy.

   E. Candy companies wanted people to believe this too.

   F. Even little kids understand that eating too much sugar is unhealthy.

   G. Candy makers have continued to produce new kinds of candies to delight us.

   “Is anyone coming?” Jade Blossom whispered.

   “How come you guys don't bunt(顶撞) ?”

   “It's only a rumor(传闻) ，” Abuji said as I cleared the table.

Dear Scope readers,

   Those are the first lines of three of my books. As you can see,I often use a line of dialogue to open a story. But here's an example of a first line that isn’t dialogue: Patrick and I became friends because of a vegetable.

   First lines are important. They draw the reader into the story and set the tone. My favorite first lines of books share a quality that I can sum up in one word: intriguing(引人入胜的) .

   Because first lines are so important,I often find them difficult to write. For one of my books,I tried out more than 30 first lines before I found the one that worked best!It was a lot of work,but it was worth it in the end.

   Scope has asked me to contribute a short story. I aid yes — but only if YOU write the first line for me!Send me your idea by November 15 ,2015. I'11 pick the one that I find most intriguing and write the rest of the story,which will appear in an issue this spring.

   I can't wait to see what you come up with!

                                           Good luck and have fun,

                                                 Linda Sue Park 

   WIN BIG!Send your idea for a great first line to Sdope s First-Line Contest. If Linda Sue Park picks YOUR entry to start her story,you will win $50. Plus,we'11 send your teacher a free subscription to Scope,and you and your classmates will each get a copy of Linda Sue Park's beautiful novel A Long Walk to Water.

33. The first three paragraphs .

   A. are examples of first lines

   B. were written by some students

   C. are the beginning of a short story

   D. were created by some great writers

34. Linda wants Scope readers to .

   A. read her new novel

   B. finish her short story

   C. help her with a short story

   D. learn to write short stories

35. What will the winner's teacher get?

   A. Fifty dollars.

   B. A free subscription to Scope.

   C. A copy of Linda's short story.

   D. The novel A Long Walk to Water.

   Many teachers use student participation as a basis on which to assign grades. Some criticize the practice as harmful to classroom dynamics,like two California high schoolers who wrote an opinion piece about it in their school newspaper. “A student who is unwilling or unable to speak in class does not always show a lack of care,since all students function in different ways，” they write,noting that some students require more time,or written assignments,to grasp new material presented in class.

   They also point out the detrimental effect participation requirements can have on the quality of a lesson; for example,students might speak up only in an effort to get participation points,resulting in questions that lack insight and wasted opportunities for those who genuinely want to learn.

   Finally,the high schoolers criticize the nature of participation grades. uSimply recording the number of times a person participates fails to capture the nature of what exactly was said,” they write,adding that participation grades leave too much room for teachers’ favoritism to show through.

   Of course,there's a different side to every story. In a recent article in The Atlantic,a middle school teacher defends her decision to keep class participation as a requirement for her students. uAs a teacher,it is my job to teach grammar,vocabulary,and literature,but I must also teach my students how to succeed in the world we live in — a world where most people won’t stop talking”’ she says. “If anything,I feel even more strongly that my introverted(内向的) students must learp how to self-advocate by communicating with parents,educators,and the world at large."

   She mentions several resources in the article. One such resource is Dr. Kendall Hoyt,an assistant professor of medicine at Dartmouth Medical School. Dr. Hoyt is a self-described introvert and mother of two introverts. “I understand that social anxiety is a real thing,and part of my job as a teacher is to teach people how to express themselves clearly and be heard,” Dr. Hoyt says. She also teaches this to her own children,creating chances for them that require them to approach strangers,make eye contact,and ask for something,like directions or information.

29. The article written by the two high schoolers is about whether students should .

   A. speak freely in class

   B. be graded on participation

   C. spend more time speaking

   D. be given written assignments

30. Which can best replace the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 2 ?

   A. Lasting. B. Harmful.

   C. Practical. D. Beneficial.

31. The middle school teacher mentioned in Paragraph 4 stresses the importance of .

   A. English literature

   B. vocabulary and grammar

   C. grading students objectively

   D. teaching students to express themselves

32. Why does the middle school teacher mention Dr. Hoyt in her article?

   A. To express her doubts.

   B. To support her argument.

   C. To compare different ideas.

   D. To attract readers* attention.

   Scientists sometimes use placebos(安慰剂) to test the effectiveness of medicines. They give one group of people the real medicine and another group a placebo which looks exactly like the medicine but is not. It doesn’ t contain any healing elements(成分) .The people don't know which medicine they,re taking. The medicine has to produce better results than the placebo to prove its effectiveness. However,sometimes the people taking the placebo experience improvements in tAeir health. Scientists call this the “piacebo effect”.

   For years,researchers have studied the placebo effect in terms of physical health. However,the findings of a research team in Sweden have attracted people's attention. First the researchers showed a group of people unpleasant pictures and asked them to rank how they felt after seeing the pictures. They gave the highest number to the pictures that gave them the worst feelings. The researchers then gave the people a calming drug and told them that it would reduce their unpleasant feelings. When the team showed the pictures again,the people said they felt much calmer.

   The following day,the researchers showed the people unpleasant pictures again,but this time they gave them a placebo (it was nothing but salt and water) instead of the calming drug without telling them the truth. After taking the placebo,the people's ratings still changed. Their unpleasant feelings reduced by almost 30%.

   So does that mean doctors could use placebos to treat worry or anxiety? Dylan Evans,who has written books about the placebo effect,said ,“Doctors have a duty to care for their patients. But they also have a duty to tell the truth. Placebos seem to pull these two duties in opposite directions."

   Research on the placebo effect has focused on the relationship of mind and body. Many scientists think that a belief that something is helpful actually makes it become helpful. If a person expects a pill to do something,then possibly the body's own chemistry can cause effects similar to what medication might have caused. Increasingly,people are looking at ways of treating the “whole person” 一 not just the body.

25. According to Paragraph 1 ,placebos.

   A. are a kind of special medicine

   B. perform better than medicines

   C. make no difference to patients' general health

   D. are used to prove the effectiveness of medicines

26. What does the experiment conducted by the Swedish team tell us?

   A. Placebos can improve physical health.

   B. Placebos help change people's character.

   C. Placebos can reduce emotional discomfort.

   D. Placebos make people calmer than drugs do.

27. What's Dylan Evans,attitude towards the use of placebos for treating anxiety?

   A. Negative. B. Approving.

   C. Cautious. D. Uncaring.

28. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

   A. The body's own chemistry can be harmful.

   B. Doctors will focus more on treating the body.

   C. People's expectation influences their recovery.

   D. Mental health is more important than physical health.

   Jason Detzel was bored with his work as a psychologist,and he was tired of spending all day in an office. Dr. Detzel felt that in the city he was losing touch with something important,so he quit his job and started a farm.

   He and his business partner found 80 acres of land in a small town and signed a 10-year lease (租约) . While some farms used a lot of machinery,they decided they wanted to do as much as possible with their own hands. They built a corral(畜栏) for the cows,pig shelters and a house for the chickens.

   “I’m definitely happier being out in the fields with my animals. Even if there are bad days,I'm still happy,” Dr. Detzel said. “When you’ re inside all day,you don't get to see nature working."

   “The job is different every day on the farm. It's amazing,” he said. “You.’ re a farmer. You’ re an animal doctor. You’ re a pipe fitter. You’ re definitely a carpenter a lot. You're a jack of all trades(万事通） master of none. That's what I like about it."

   Learning how to manage the animals had been one of the biggest challenges of starting the farm,Dr. Detzel said. He learned that it was important to stick to a routine. That's why he rang the same bell and called to the cows in the same way each day. The routine helped keep the cows calm and cooperative.

   It wasn't easy for Dr. Detzel to be accepted by the other farmers in his community. With all his tattoos(文身) ，he looked very different. When he started the farm he was in his early 30s,while most other farmers were older. There weren't many young people starting farms,because it had become harder and harder for small family farms to make much income.

   Dr. Detzel said that began to change when more people became locavores. A locavore is someone who tries to eat food grown and raised nearby. By shopping at their local farmers’ market,many locavores hope to reduce the amount of energy used to ship food long distances. Many locavores like knowing where their food comes from and being able to talk to the farmers about what chemicals were used and how the animals were treated.

21. What was the main purpose of Dr. Detzel starting a farm?

   A. To get back to nature.

   B. To make more money.

   C. To study agricultural machinery.

   D. To keep in touch with his friends.

22. What did Dr. Detzel like about his job on the farm?

   A. He often traded at a profit.

   B. He was good at many things.

   C. He could do many types of work.

   D. He could get to know many farmers.

23. To manage the animals,Dr. Detzel.

   A. followed a routine

   B. used different bells

   C. learned from other farmers

   D. called professionals for help

24. A locavore prefers.

   A. self-produced food

   B. healthy organic food

   C. food from distant places

   D. food grown by local farmers