题目内容

   Scientists sometimes use placebos(安慰剂) to test the effectiveness of medicines. They give one group of people the real medicine and another group a placebo which looks exactly like the medicine but is not. It doesn’ t contain any healing elements(成分) .The people don't know which medicine they,re taking. The medicine has to produce better results than the placebo to prove its effectiveness. However,sometimes the people taking the placebo experience improvements in tAeir health. Scientists call this the “piacebo effect”.

   For years,researchers have studied the placebo effect in terms of physical health. However,the findings of a research team in Sweden have attracted people's attention. First the researchers showed a group of people unpleasant pictures and asked them to rank how they felt after seeing the pictures. They gave the highest number to the pictures that gave them the worst feelings. The researchers then gave the people a calming drug and told them that it would reduce their unpleasant feelings. When the team showed the pictures again,the people said they felt much calmer.

   The following day,the researchers showed the people unpleasant pictures again,but this time they gave them a placebo (it was nothing but salt and water) instead of the calming drug without telling them the truth. After taking the placebo,the people's ratings still changed. Their unpleasant feelings reduced by almost 30%.

   So does that mean doctors could use placebos to treat worry or anxiety? Dylan Evans,who has written books about the placebo effect,said ,“Doctors have a duty to care for their patients. But they also have a duty to tell the truth. Placebos seem to pull these two duties in opposite directions."

   Research on the placebo effect has focused on the relationship of mind and body. Many scientists think that a belief that something is helpful actually makes it become helpful. If a person expects a pill to do something,then possibly the body's own chemistry can cause effects similar to what medication might have caused. Increasingly,people are looking at ways of treating the “whole person” 一 not just the body.

25. According to Paragraph 1 ,placebos.

   A. are a kind of special medicine

   B. perform better than medicines

   C. make no difference to patientsgeneral health

   D. are used to prove the effectiveness of medicines

26. What does the experiment conducted by the Swedish team tell us?

   A. Placebos can improve physical health.

   B. Placebos help change people's character.

   C. Placebos can reduce emotional discomfort.

   D. Placebos make people calmer than drugs do.

27. What's Dylan Evans,attitude towards the use of placebos for treating anxiety?

   A. Negative. B. Approving.

   C. Cautious. D. Uncaring.

28. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

   A. The body's own chemistry can be harmful.

   B. Doctors will focus more on treating the body.

   C. People's expectation influences their recovery.

   D. Mental health is more important than physical health.

25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C

(健康)

本文是说明文。文章介绍了安慰剂效应。

25. D.啤节理解题。由文章开头的Scientists sometimes use placebos to test the effectiveness of medicines 可知。

26. C.推理判断题。申第三段末的After taking the placebo,the people* s ratings still changed. Their unplfeasant feelings reduced by almost 30% 可推 断,安慰剂可以减轻情感方面的不适。

27. A.推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的they also have a duty to tell the truth. Placebos seem to pull these two duties in opposite directions 可知, Dylan Evans认为使用安慰剂治疗焦虑的患者侵 犯了患者的知情权。据此可推断,他反对用安 慰剂治疗焦虑。

28. C.细节理解题。由最后一段中的a belief that something is helpful actually makes it become helpful. If a person expects a pill to do something,then possibly the body's own chemistry can cause effects similar to what medication might have caused可知,人们对药物 效果的期望会影响他们的康复。

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   In my first year at university,-I joined Orchestra Council(管弦乐队) .One day,we had the 41 to run for Council. “If you decide to run,” our conductor Ms. Mauro 42 , “You must give a 43 in front of the entire orchestra. There are 44 open seats — President,Vice President and Secretary." I was interested in the position of President but when I expressed my 45 to my friend Shannon,she responded,“No,I'm running for President. Why don't you 46 for Vice President?” Clearly,it left me ambivalent(有矛盾情感的) .

   Finally,I 47 to run for President,even against Shannon's 48 . Together,my friend Karen and I wrote our speeches. I 49 my experiences in the New Jersey Regional and All State orchestras,50 some of the leadership positions I had in middle school in my 51 . By the time I memorized my speech,I had lost my 52 because I had been practising so much. When 53 day rolled around,I felt nervous and 54 . However,when I delivered my speech,I remained calm and performed 55 . After everyone was done,Ms. Mauro declared that 56 would be posted after school. Hours later,I got a piece of pleasant information on my phone 一 an 57 from the Orchestra Council. 58 I reached the end of the email I read: President — Michelle Liu. I had made it.

   In the end,I felt 59 that I had taken the opportunity to run for Council. From this 60 ,I not only learned how to write an exciting speech,but more importantly,to have confidence in myself.

41. A. attempt   B. opportunity   C. plan   D. desire

42. A. advised   B. warned   C. predicted   D. announced

43. A. performance   B. speech   C. description   D. position

44. A. many   B. enough   C. three   D. four

45. A. interest   B. worry   C. happiness   D. surprise

46. A. work out   B. try out   C. speak out   D. look out

47. A. decided   B. hoped   C. managed   D. continued

48. A. order   B. goal   C. rule   D. will

49. A. missed   B. remembered   C. included   D. accepted

50. A. instead of   B. as well as   C. due to   D. in spite of

51. A. competition   B. advertisement   C. presentation   D. interview

52. A. voice   B. mind   C. balance   D. confidence

53. A. training   B. school   C. celebration   D. election

54. A. excited   B. pleased   C. anxious   D. stupid

55. A. automatically   B. satisfactorily   C. effectively   D. correctly

56. A. rules   B. results   C. purposes   D. functions

57. A. email   B. introduction   C. excuse   D. invitation

58. A. Because   B. Unless   C. Though   D. When

59. A. comfortable   B. shocked   C. strange   D. glad

60. A. experiment   B. year   C. experience   D. text

Jimmy is an automotive mechanic,but he lost his job a few months ago. He has a good heart,but always feared applying for a new job.

One day,he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed,he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car,the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him;he just helped someone in need,and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well,I could take you to the office for your interview. It's the least 1 could do Please,I insist." Jimmy agreed.

Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair,but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one,the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth,he asked ,“Do you really need to be interviewed?” Jimmy's heart sank. “With the way I look now,how could I possibly pass this interview?” he thought to himself.

Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise,it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.

“Sorry,I had to keep you waiting,but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.

46. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?

   A. He was out of work.

   B. He was bored with his job.

   C. He wanted a higher position.

   D. He hoped to find a better boss.

47. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?

   A. A friend's car had a flat tyre.

   B. A wild man was pushing a car.

   C. A terrible car accident happened.

   D. An old man's car broke down.

48. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?

   A. He was also to be interviewed.

   B. He needed a travelling companion.

   C. He always helped people in need.

   D. He was thankful to Jimmy.

49. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question?

   A. He was sorry for the other applicants.

   B. There was no hope for him to get the job.

   C. He regretted helping the old man.

   D. The interviewer was very rude.

50. What can we learn from Jimmy's experience?

   A. Where there's a will,there's a way.

   B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

   C. Good is rewarded with good.

   D. Two heads are better than one.

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