Question

【题目】 You may have heard that humans only use ten percent of their brain, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. You could become a super genius, or acquire psychic powers like mind reading.

This “ten-percent myth” has inspired many references in the cultural imagination. In the 2014 movie Lucy, for example, a woman develops godlike powers thanks to drugs that release the previously inaccessible 90 percent of her brain.

Contrary to the ten-percent myth, however, scientists have shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day.

Over the years, brain scientists have shown that different parts of the brain are responsible for specific functions, whether it’s recognizing colors or problem solving. Contrary to the ten-percent myth, scientists have proven that every part of the brain is integral for our daily functioning.

Research has yet to find a brain area that is completely inactive. Even studies that measure activity at the level of single neurons(神经元) have not revealed any inactive areas of the brain.

Many brain imaging studies that measure brain activity when a person is doing a specific task show how different parts of the brain work together. For example, while you are reading this text on your smartphone, some parts of your brain, including those responsible for vision and reading comprehension, will be more active.

A more direct counter to the ten-percent myth lies in individuals who have suffered brain damage – like through a stroke(中风)– and what they can no longer do, or do as well, as a result of that damage. If the ten percent myth is true, then damage to many parts of our brain shouldn’t affect your daily functioning. Studies have shown that damaging a very small part of the brain may have devastating consequences.

If someone experiences damage to Broca’s area(布罗卡氏区), for example, they can understand language but can’t speak fluently.

In one highly publicized case, a woman in Florida permanently lost her “capacity for thoughts, perceptions, memories, and emotions that are the very essence of being human” when a lack of oxygen destroyed half of her brain.

【1】What is the passage mainly about?

A.The ten percent myth is not true.

B.Brain scientists have a long way to go.

C.Human brain is much more powerful than we imagine.

D.All parts of the brain are equally important.

【2】Why does the writer mention the movie “Lucy”?

A.To show the power of women.

B.To introduce an interesting story.

C.To fight against the ten percent myth.

D.To show the influence of ten percent myth.

【3】It can be inferred that Broca’s area is responsible for ________.

A.listeningB.writingC.speakingD.reading

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章反驳了一个长期以来大家相信的谬论，即人脑只被利用了百分之十。科学研究表明，人脑的每一部分都参与到日常活动中。没有发现任何一部分是静止不动的。

【1】主旨大意题。文章第一二段提出了人脑只被利用了百分之十这个谬论以及它带给人们的影响。由第三段Contrary to the ten-percent myth, however, scientists have shown that humans use their entire brain throughout each day可知，然而，与10%的神话相反，科学家已经证明人类每天都在使用他们的整个大脑。后面的段落都是为了反驳这个谬论。所以整篇文章就是为了证明人脑只被利用了百分之十这个谬论是错误的。故选A。

【2】推理判断题。提到这部电影的名称就是为了说明段落主题句This “ten-percent myth” has inspired many references in the cultural imagination.（这个人脑只被利用了百分之十的谬论在文化界有很多人参考），也就是作者提到电影《露西》是为了说明这个谬论对人们的影响。故选D。

【3】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“If someone experiences damage to Broca’s area(布罗卡氏区), for example, they can understand language but can’t speak fluently.”可知，如果一个人布罗卡氏区受损，他们只能理解语言但是不能流利地说出来，由此可推知，布罗卡氏区负责说话的能力。故选C。

主旨大意题是篇章阅读一个主要的考察方式，也是高考阅读中每年的必考题。主旨大意题解题技巧是不要被文章细节所干扰。一般有两种方式解题：一是看首尾段，根据首尾段内容总结主题思想；二是看每段段首句，根据所有段首句总结主题思想。本文第一题就是主旨大意题，首先根据说明文的问题推断，主旨一般会在文章首段或前几段提出，我们确定主旨后，再分析篇章结构，确定下文是通过一定的方法论证主旨的，这样可以二次确定文章主旨选的对不对。具体解题过程参看详解，同学们需要抓住的是这个解题思路。