Question

【题目】 Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways. The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.

It is all part of an effort to cut calorie (卡路里) intake by 20% by 2024. The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children. If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.

PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties. The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume (消耗) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.

At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day. PHE chief nutritionist Dr Alison Redstone said the 400-600-600 tip would make it easier for “people to make healthier choices" by being able to judge what they should be eating in each sitting.

How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.

Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move. He said, "Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time." The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.

【1】What does the underlined word "opt" in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Sell.B.Produce.

C.Choose.D.Inspect.

【2】What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie food?

A.It will be punished by customers.

B.It will be forced to stop producing foods.

C.It will be punished by Public Health England.

D.It will be asked to throw away all the food.

【3】Which of the following people should take in the most calories?

A.Teens aged 18.B.Babies.

C.Middle-aged women.D.Old men.

【4】What can be inferred from the text?

A.The government has passed laws about eating healthier food.

B.PHE is concerned about the British health problems.

C.Hamburgers are not bigger than before.

D.Men should eat no more than 2,000 calories a day.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了英国公共卫生部门要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。

【1】词义猜测题。划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.可知如果一个公司鼓励高热量食物，它将受到英国公共卫生部门的惩罚，故选C。

【3】细节理解题。倒数第二段It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.（建议女性每天摄入的热量不要超过2000卡路里，而男性应该限制在2500卡路里。对于孩子来说，这取决于年龄。一个4岁的孩子摄入的热量应该不超过1300卡路里，而对于17岁和18岁的青少年，这个数字大约是3000卡路里，但是超重的孩子摄入的热量要比这个数字多500卡路里。）由此可知，18岁的青少年应该摄入最多的卡路里，故选A。

【4】推理判断题。答案定位在第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.（公共卫生部门将通过观察人们购买哪些产品来严格监控进展，并准备惩罚那些不履行职责的公司。）由此推断出公共卫生部门关注英国人的健康问题，故选B。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为

① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。

② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。

③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。

④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

如第一小题，划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。