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¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿£¨ÌâÎÄ£©Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because ¡°everyone¡¯s winner.¡± And their report cards sounded more positive (ÕýÃæµÄ) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them ¡°the overpraised generation.¡±

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here¡¯s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (²ÅÄÜ) is genetic ¨C you¡¯re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it¡¯s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it¡¯s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (×Ô×ð) isn¡¯t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it¡¯s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn¡¯t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck¡¯s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

¡¾1¡¿£¨Ð¡Ìâ1£©What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don¡¯t do well at school. B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports. D. They are given too much praise.

¡¾2¡¿£¨Ð¡Ìâ2£©A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ________.

A. doesn¡¯t want to work hard B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others D. can succeed with the help of teachers

¡¾3¡¿£¨Ð¡Ìâ3£©What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful. B. Talent comes with one¡¯s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued. D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

¡¾4¡¿£¨Ð¡Ìâ4£©What should parents do for their children based on Dweck¡¯s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures. B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things. D. Help them grow with praise.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways. The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.

It is all part of an effort to cut calorie (¿¨Â·Àï) intake by 20% by 2024. The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children. If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.

PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties. The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume (ÏûºÄ) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.

At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day. PHE chief nutritionist Dr Alison Redstone said the 400-600-600 tip would make it easier for ¡°people to make healthier choices" by being able to judge what they should be eating in each sitting.

How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.

Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move. He said, "Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time." The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.

¡¾1¡¿What does the underlined word "opt" in Paragraph 1 mean?

A.Sell.B.Produce.

C.Choose.D.Inspect.

¡¾2¡¿What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie food?

A.It will be punished by customers.

B.It will be forced to stop producing foods.

C.It will be punished by Public Health England.

D.It will be asked to throw away all the food.

¡¾3¡¿Which of the following people should take in the most calories?

A.Teens aged 18.B.Babies.

C.Middle-aged women.D.Old men.

¡¾4¡¿What can be inferred from the text?

A.The government has passed laws about eating healthier food.

B.PHE is concerned about the British health problems.

C.Hamburgers are not bigger than before.

D.Men should eat no more than 2,000 calories a day.

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿How to Introduce Yourself Before Giving a Speech

Greet the audience and state your name. If you¡¯re giving a speech, it¡¯s important to state your first and last name. ¡¾1¡¿

¡¾2¡¿ Don¡¯t state down or at some aimless point in the corner of the room. If you don¡¯t like the thought of looking into that many eyes, look at their eyebrows or noses¡ªthey won¡¯t be able to tell the difference.

Share some relevant£¨Ïà¹ØµÄ£©information about yourself. After you provide your name, share why you and the speech are relevant, making sure you provide something believable. ¡¾3¡¿ If you¡¯re giving a speech about the importance of eating organic foods, tell people that you¡¯re a scientist, chef, or environmental professional. If you¡¯re giving a speech about child development, be sure to include that you are a child psychologist.

Communicate effectively. From the very start, make sure your voice is loud enough for everyone to hear you. You can even ask the audience if you are speaking loudly enough for all to hear. ¡¾4¡¿

Move your body. ¡¾5¡¿ Stand up tall, move your shoulders back, and keep your hands free, using them to gesture when necessary. You can walk around to show the crowd how comfortable you are and to make yourself look less stiff.

A. Make eye contact with a few people.

B. Focus just on what you are going to talk about.

C. Stand with good posture£¨×ËÊÆ£©, and move freely while you speak.

D. As you say hello and give your name, remember to speak clearly and confidently.

E. It depends on the context of the conversation, but start off by telling something about yourself.

F. People will not be able to understand you or respect what you are sharing if they cannot hear you.

G. The sort of information you share will depend on the audience and the subject you¡¯ll talk about.

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