题目内容

8.To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not(41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstance are(42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the(43)Abut also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression(44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more(45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture--apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More  newspaper writers  have  written  about  the  growing  importance  of(47)D-apologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice colums,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of(48)Capologies.Although they are not carried out in the public places,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why(49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for(50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whether they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong(51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to(52)Dapologies,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even(53)Brisky.Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity.Leaders may also be afraid that(54)Bof a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑)in tough situation,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk(55)D.
41.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.occasionallyD.accidentally
42.A.simpleB.ridiculousC.abnormalD.different
43.A.individualB.companyC.familyD.society
44.A.conflictsB.mattersC.appealsD.deceives
45.A.urgentB.riskyC.boringD.simple
46.A.interestedlyB.patientlyC.frequentlyD.hopefully
47.A.faithfulB.reliableC.confusingD.public
48.A.sincereB.acceptableC.privateD.positive
49.A.botherB.reduceC.regretD.ignore
50.A.promotionB.criticismC.appreciationD.identification
51.A.personallyB.willC.reasonD.desire
52.A.attemptB.involveC.commitD.avoid
53.A.politicallyB.professionallyC.academicallyD.physically
54.A.avoidanceB.admissionC.involvementD.elimination
55.A.fulfillmentB.statementC.occupationD.strategy

分析 本文为社会生活类说明文;文章主要就作为领导道歉进行分析;首先,作者分析了为什么对领导来说道歉困难,因为领导道歉还要代表机构层面;其次,作者分析了道歉的紧迫性;因为过错性的行为比以往任何时候更频繁,在美国已经形成了道歉文化;第三,作者分析了道歉是否必要;道歉会影响个人和机构的声誉,领导不能经常道歉,除非有重要的原因;第四,作者分析了作为领导为什么拒绝道歉,因为道歉意味着承认错误,这会对他们的职业和他所服务的机构造成损害.

解答 41-45   BDABA  46-50 CDCAB  51-55 CDBBD
41.答案是B.本题考查语境中副词的选择.A.immediately 立即B.intentionally有意地 C.occasionally偶然地 D.accidentally意外地;根据句意,当我们对认识的人不公正地对待,甚至不是"有意"地,我们都应该道歉.故选B.
42.答案是D.本题考查语境中形容词的选择.A.simple 简单的B.ridiculous荒唐的 C.abnormal 不正常的D.different不同的;根据语境,我们不公正地对待他人应该道歉,但是当我们是领导时,情况就"不同"了,由but判断前后对照,故选D. 
43.答案是A.本题考查语境中名词的选择.A.individual 个人B.company 公司C.family 家庭D.society 社会;根据语境,作为领导,道歉就不仅仅是"个人"层面上的,而且是代表某个机构,与institution(机构)相对应的是"个人",故选A.
44.答案是B.本题考查语境中动词的选择.A.conflicts 冲突B.matters重要,要紧 C.appeals呼吁,有吸引力 D.deceives 欺骗;根据语境可知,作为领导,道歉时每个词句都很"重要",故选B.
45.答案是A.本题考查语境中形容词的选择.A.urgent紧迫的 B.risky高风险的 C.boring 令人厌倦的D.simple简单的;由本段的小标题Why now?推断作者建议现在就道歉,说明"紧迫性",故答案是A.
46.答案是C.本题考查语境中副词的选择.A.interestedly感兴趣地 B.patiently 耐心地C.frequently频繁地 D.hopefully充满希望地;题干中的"has developed an apology-culture 形成了道歉的文化"和"apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of 各种各样的道歉以及为各种各样的错误行为道歉"说明了道歉的"频繁",故选C.
47.答案是D.本题考查语境中形容词的选择.A.faithful 忠诚的B.reliable可信赖的 C.confusing 令人困惑的D.public 公开的;根据语境可知,meanwhile(同时)连接了两个对照的情况,meanwhile上文讲述的是"公开"道歉的必要性;下文讲述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是D.
48.答案是C.本题考查语境中形容词的选择.A.sincere 真诚的B.acceptable 可接受的C.private 私下的D.positive 积极的;根据语境,meanwhile下文讲述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是C.
49.答案是A.本题考查语境中动词的选择.A.bother麻烦 B.reduce减少 C.regret 后悔D.ignore忽视;本题为小标题中的动词,根据下文语境"Why do we apologize为什么要道歉"推断,该部分分析道歉的必要性,即"为什么麻烦(去道歉)",故选A.
50答案是B.本题考查语境中名词的选择.A.promotion促销,晋升 B.criticism 批评C.appreciation欣赏,感激 D.identification 身份;根据语境和常识判断,领导道歉很容易会成为"批评"的目标,故选B.
51.答案是C.本题考查语境中名词的选择.A.personality个性 B.will 意愿C.reason 原谅D.desire 渴望;根据上文语境,作者认为领导不应该经常道歉;他们道歉需要有重要的"原因",故选C.
52.答案是D.本题考查语境中动词的选择.A.attempt 试图,企图B.involve卷入,参与 C.commit 致力于,做错事D.avoid 避免;由该部分的小标题"Why refuse"推断领导常常会尽力"避免"道歉,故选D.
53.答案是B.本题考查语境中副词的选择.A.politically 政治上B.professionally 职业上C.academically 学术上D.physically 身体上;根据语境和常识判断,领导是公众人们,道歉会对他们的"职业"造成危害,故选B.
54.答案是B.本题考查语境中名词的选择.A.avoidance 避免B.admission承认 C.involvement 卷入,参与D.elimination 消除;根据语境和常识判断,领导也害怕"承认"错误,故选B.
55.答案是D.本题考查语境中名词的选择.A.fulfillment实现B.statement 陈述,声明C.occupation 职业,占据D.strategy 策略;根据句意,道歉是高风险的"策略",所以领导完全有理由在艰难的情况下硬撑;故选D.

点评 选词填空类完形旨在考查考生对英语词汇的把握和在语篇中的综合运用能力、阅读理解能力.解答此类题,首先要浏览所给词汇,对这些词汇的意义、词性有一个初步的了解,然后在通读全文,了解文章大意的基础上进行试填;答完后再通读一篇文章,确保语句通顺,语意连贯.

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