题目内容

【题目】The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.

In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.

For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.

“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.

Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.

The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.

Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

1The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.

2How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?

3What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?

【答案】

1chemicals in the brain

2By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.

3To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.

【解析】试题分析:本文主要叙述的是一项研究,研究人脑中的化学物质是如何控制我们的行为的,尤其是如何控制我们的肥胖的。

1chemicals in the brain

细节题。根据第二段2,3If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good.可知正是老鼠释放的化学物质让它感觉很好。

2By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.

细节题。根据文章第五段2,3They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals.可知他们向老鼠的大脑里投放了一定数量的化学物质。以此来研究具体的反应。

3To understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity.

推理题。根据文章主体段第一段最后2Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.可知这个研究的目的在于理解头脑中的化学物质是如何导致我们的肥胖的。

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【题目】根据短文内容,从短文中的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余项。

【1】 . You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how:

1. Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. then decide a good, regular time for studying. 2 A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

2. Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.

3. Make good use of your time in class. 3 Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

4. Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. 【4 If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.

5. Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don’t be over worried.

5】 .You will probably discover them after you have tried these.

A. There are other methods that might help you with your studying.

B. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.

C. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say

D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.

E. Maybe you are an average student.

F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.

G. This will help you understand the next class.

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

请将该题答案转涂到答题卡1-5对应位置

We are humans,and we all make mistakes. The mistakes that we make are not usually on purpose,whether it is breaking a vase,or not completing a task. 【1】 This article will provide you with ideas as to what to do once a mistake has been made.

Admit that you make a mistake as soon as you discover it. Delaying it longer will only make you feel worse,or may drive you toward making the wrong decision to try and cover it up.

2】 Do not play the“blame game".Most people are smart enough to realize that this is just a poor attempt to protect yourself. Perhaps you gave a task to another person and it was never completed. But is it really the entire fault of the person you gave the task to or is it partially your fault for not following up? Keep this in mind before placing the blame on someone else.

3 Maybe you broke your mother's favorite vase,or even forgot a friend's birthday. Just an apology can sometimes be viewed as a“quick fix",and apologizing and asking to be forgiven gives the person opportunity to forgive you.

Offer some compensation(补偿)for loss,damage,or injury caused. 【4】 By doing this,it may soften the blow to the person we've disappointed.

Learn from your mistakes. In the case of a job or a task,write a“to-do" list with the deadline before leaving the meeting. As for forgetting a birthday,put the birthday on an electronic calendar for next year.

Do better next time. 【5】We should try to understand what happened and try to make sure that it won't happen again.

A. Take responsibility.

B. Never repeat your mistakes.

C. Apologize and ask for forgiveness.

D. People’s faith in us can reduce quickly.

E. So sometimes it is necessary to write a letter to say sorry.

F. But not everyone knows how to admit making a mistake.

G. Offer to immediately complete the late task or pay for the vase.

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