题目内容

【题目】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

请将该题答案转涂到答题卡1-5对应位置

We are humans,and we all make mistakes. The mistakes that we make are not usually on purpose,whether it is breaking a vase,or not completing a task. 【1】 This article will provide you with ideas as to what to do once a mistake has been made.

Admit that you make a mistake as soon as you discover it. Delaying it longer will only make you feel worse,or may drive you toward making the wrong decision to try and cover it up.

2】 Do not play the“blame game".Most people are smart enough to realize that this is just a poor attempt to protect yourself. Perhaps you gave a task to another person and it was never completed. But is it really the entire fault of the person you gave the task to or is it partially your fault for not following up? Keep this in mind before placing the blame on someone else.

3 Maybe you broke your mother's favorite vase,or even forgot a friend's birthday. Just an apology can sometimes be viewed as a“quick fix",and apologizing and asking to be forgiven gives the person opportunity to forgive you.

Offer some compensation(补偿)for loss,damage,or injury caused. 【4】 By doing this,it may soften the blow to the person we've disappointed.

Learn from your mistakes. In the case of a job or a task,write a“to-do" list with the deadline before leaving the meeting. As for forgetting a birthday,put the birthday on an electronic calendar for next year.

Do better next time. 【5】We should try to understand what happened and try to make sure that it won't happen again.

A. Take responsibility.

B. Never repeat your mistakes.

C. Apologize and ask for forgiveness.

D. People’s faith in us can reduce quickly.

E. So sometimes it is necessary to write a letter to say sorry.

F. But not everyone knows how to admit making a mistake.

G. Offer to immediately complete the late task or pay for the vase.

【答案】

【1】F

【2】A

【3】C

【4】G

【5】B

【解析】

试题分析:本文论述我们是人,我们都会犯错误,但是不是每个人都知道如何承认错误。并介绍了承认错误的方法。

【1】F根据This article will provide you with ideas as to what to do once a mistake has been made.可知这里想说但是不是每个人都知道如何承认错误。

【2】A根据Do not play the“blame game".Most people are smart enough to realize that this is just a poor attempt to protect yourself. Perhaps you gave a task to another person and it was never completed. But is it really the entire fault of the person you gave the task to or is it partially your fault for not following up? Keep this in mind before placing the blame on someone else. 不要玩“怪游戏”。 大多数人都很聪明,能够意识到这只是一个保护你自己的可怜的尝试。也许你给了另一个人的任务,它从来没有完成。但是这真的是你给这个任务的人的全部过错,或者这是不是你没有跟上的过错?在把责任推到别人之前把这牢记在心。可知这里想说要负责任。故选A。

【3】C 根据Maybe you broke your mother's favorite vase,or even forgot a friend's birthday. Just an apology can sometimes be viewed as a“quick fix",and apologizing and asking to be forgiven gives the person opportunity to forgive you.或许你打碎了你妈妈的花瓶,或者甚至忘记了一个朋友的生日。只是一个道歉,有时可以被看作是一个“快速解决”, 道歉、请求原谅是给人机会去原谅。可知这里想说道歉和请求原谅。故选C。

【4】G 根据Offer some compensation(补偿)for loss,damage,or injury caused. 74 By doing this,it may soften the blow to the person we've disappointed.可知马上要求完成推迟的任务或是偿还花瓶。故选G。

【5】B 根据Do better next time.下一次做得更好。 75We should try to understand what happened and try to make sure that it won't happen again. 我们应该试着去了解发生了什么并试着确保它不会再发生。可知这里想说决不再重复你的错误。故选B。

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【题目】 “Indeed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

【1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.

A. Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug

B. George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

C. the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century

D. both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century

【2】What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean

A. explanation. B. finding. C. origin. D. fault.

【3】The passage is mainly concerned with________.

A. the misunderstanding of the word bug

B. the development of the word bug

C. the public views of the word bug

D. the special characteristics of the word bug

【题目】The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.

In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.

For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.

“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.

Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.

The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.

Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

1The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.

2How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?

3What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?

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