PITTSBURGH — For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.

The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.

Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, mass-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn't know of one that could climb pipes.

The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick (操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.

Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.

"It just allows us to do something we've not been able to do before," Stover said, "We needed them yesterday."

He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.

Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

1.Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset's robots?

A. Robotics Trends. B. Pittsburgh City Council.

C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

2.Choset believes that his invention _________.

A. can be attached to an electronic arm

B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes

C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog

D. can sense its way as well as its operators

3.By saying "We needed them yesterday" (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots ________.

A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

B. should have been put to use in past rescue work

C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday

D. were in greater need yesterday than today

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. Snake-like robots used in industries.

B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

C. The development of snake-like robots.

D. The working principles of snake-like robots.

Two men were sitting together in a plane. They were on a long journey. One of the men was a businessman. The other was a farmer. They sat without talking for a while, then the farmer said, “Let’s do something to pass the time.”

“What do you want to do?” the businessman asked. “We can ask each other riddles.” The farmer said, “You start.” “Let’s make the rules first,” the businessman said. “That’s not fair. You are a businessman with much knowledge. You know more things than I do. I am just a farmer.”

“That’s true.” The businessman said. “What do you want we should do?” “If you don’t know the answer to a riddle, you pay me $100. And if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $50.” The farmer said. The businessman thought about this, then he said, “OK. That’s fair. Who will go first?”

“I will,” The farmer said. “Here is my riddle. What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies?” The business man repeated the riddle, “What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies? Mm, that’s a good one. I’m afraid I don’t know the answer.” He gave the farmer $100, then said, “Tell me the answer. What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies?” “I don’t know.” The farmer said and gave him $50.

1.The story happened ____________.

A. on a farm B. in a shop

C. before a long plane journey D. between two passengers

2.What does the word “riddle” mean in this story?

A. A difficult question to find the answer to.

B. Something to help to make rules.

C. Something to win money.

D. a kind of game in doing business.

3.Why did the businessman agree to give more money if he lost?

A. He made much more money than the farmer.

B. He thought he knew more than the farmer.

C. He was interested in making riddles.

D. He was better at playing riddle games.

4.The farmer _________.

A. enjoyed himself on his long journey.

B. didn’t want to pay even one dollar

C. spent all his money on the plane ticket.

D. won fifty dollars by playing the riddle game

5.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The two men made rules for their riddle.

B. The farmer was much cleverer than the businessman.

C. The two men made their riddle game more interesting by paying it for money.

D. The businessman knew the answer to his riddle.

Social Media

Social media can be defined (解释) as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content (writing, pictures, and video) that people make themselves, mostly through the Internet.

1. The first type involves people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and micro-blogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. 2. These sites allow people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. 3. The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars (化身) and use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.

Social media are different from traditional media. With social media, many individual people in different places create content.

Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don’t need very special skills. 4. It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example.

5. But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.

A. World of Warcraft is a good example.

B. And social media content can be produced much faster.

C. In general, there are six different types of social media.

D. Another type of social media are social networking sites.

E. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.

F. In traditional media,people need special skills to produce something.

G. Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world

Two years ago, Dubuque, Iowa, started its first annual "Back to School Bash" program. It offered needy families an opportunity to learn about free in the community. Holmes decided to by providing help to kids. He was two jobs at the time, one of which was working as a barber. Saturday was his day, but he chose to his time and gave free haircuts to lower class kids on condition that the kids should their free haircut by having to read a book to him.

The idea was so that he continued it for the next two years. Many kids would a favorite book, settle into the barber chair, and read aloud Holmes was doing their hair. After the haircut, they'd review the book, from the and vocabulary to the themes—just like in school, only more fun.

Holmes, who is married two sons, recognizes that not every parent has the time to with their kids. So he hopes to offer some in this way. And he admits he, , benefits from doing that.

There was a seven-year-old kid who stuttered(结巴) over words while reading. He had the boy take the book home and . When the child came back a few days later, he read it with no problems. That Holmes to do more.

Holmes and his family have recently moved to a Chicago suburb. When they get , he plans to restart his as the Storybook Barber. "Today’s world is full of guns and violence," he says, "The barbershop is a place for the kids to come and read books."

1.A. materials B. resourcesC. methodsD. connections

2.A. participate B. performC. developD. withdraw

3.A. faced with B. caught inC. presented with D. engaged in

4.A. happiest B. worst C. busiest D. best

5.A. spend B. waste C. save D. donate

6.A. receive B. earn C. demandD. request

7.A. popular B. ordinaryC. complexD. rigid

8.A. put away B. take overC. pick upD. give out

9.A. before B. after C. while D. until

10.A. kidsB. heroinesC. barbersD. characters

11.A. withB. to C. for D. about

12.A. stayB. read C. talk D. learn

13.A. guidance B. judgmentC. assistanceD. insurance

14.A. again B. still C. then D. too

15.A. usually B. hardly C. merely D. necessarily[来

16.A. write B. practiceC. remark D. reflect

17.A. surprised B. excitedC. inspiredD. impressed

18.A. settled B. relaxedC. pleasedD. refreshed

19.A. ownership B. hobby C. promiseD. role

20.A. secret B. safe C. rough D. crowded

Opening in 1934, the Brookfield Zoo quickly received a worldwide reputation for its special displays and unique exhibits.

Address: 1st Avenue between Ogden Avenue and 31st Street, Brookfield, Illinois

Phone: 708-688-8000

Getting to the Brookfield Zoo by Public Transportation:

The Metra Rail Burlington Northern line runs from Union Station downtown to the “Zoo Stop”

Driving from Downtown:

Drive along the Eisenhower Expressway west to First Avenue exit and follow the signs to the zoo entrance.

The Brookfield Zoo Tickets:

Adults(aged12-64):$13.50; Seniors(aged65+):$9.50; Children(aged3-11):$7.50; (under3, free)

The Brookfield Zoo Featured Exhibits:

Tropic World; Wolf Woods; Living Coast; Seven Seas; Fragile Kingdom;

About the Brookfield Zoo:

The Brookfield Zoo is located just 14 miles west of downtown Chicago. It’s home to a variety of animal species, and its use of natural barriers(屏障) and moats(壕沟) is so much more relaxing and enjoyable than watching a lion walking in a cage(笼子).

For more information about the Brookfield Zoo, click here.

1.Where can you read this passage?

A. in a newspaper B. in a magazine

C. in a textbook D. on the Internet

2.Where is the entrance to the Brookfield Zoo?

A. At 31st Street. B. At Ogden Avenue.

C. At First Avenue. D. At the Eisenhower Station.

3.How much should a middle-aged couple and their 5-year-old twins pay if they visit the zoo?

A. $21 B. $28.5 C. $42 D. $46

4.What make(s) the Brookfield Zoo more attractive and enjoyable?

A. Its cheap tickets. B. Its cage-less displays.

C. Its various activities. D. Its worldwide reputation

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