Question

【题目】 For the most part, American children aren’t great at math. But Chinese children tend to be excellent. It’s consistently found Chinese students at the top of the academic pile and Americans much nearer the bottom.

In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap. The differences she notices in children’s focus and discipline are dramatic, but she also notices cultural differences that influence how Chinese schools are run, and the reason why its students test so well. Along with factors such as highly trained teachers and an emphasis on memorizing before pursuing deeper understanding, the difference comes down to a belief that has begun slowly making its way across the US: achievement is the result of hard work, not natural ability.

This approach comes from a firm belief that anything is possible with hard work, with chiku, or “eating bitter”. Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort—rather than of smarts — is to blame.

Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, author of “Mindset (心态)”, is responsible for making up the terms “growth mindset” and “fixed mindset”. Chinese students are trained to have a growth mindset: if they aren’t doing well, they’11 work harder, and they’ll be successful. American children tend to be trained to have a fixed mindset about academics: their abilities are largely predetermined and static. If they aren’t doing well, it’s because they’re not good at it.

In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.

【1】According to Lenora Chu, what contributes most to the Chinese students’excellent academic performance?

A.School operation model.B.The emphasis on memorizing.

C.High-qualified teachers.D.Chinese culture.

【2】According to Chinese teachers, students failing an exam are______.

A.lazyB.slow

C.unfocusedD.foolish

【3】Which of the following is TRUE according to Carol Dweck’s theory?

A.A majority of Chinese students are born excellent learners.

B.American students tend to believe learning ability is genetically determined.

C.Amerlcan students should choose a Chinese school to achieve success.

D.American students are lacking in a fixed mindset, compared to Chinese students.

【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.Students should study in a fun way.

B.American students are always anxious about their study.

C.American students have no difficulty in learning deeply.

D.Diligence plays an essential part in learning.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文 。文章阐述了中美两国因为文化差异导致了对学生学习的不同看法。

【1】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap.(在Lenora Chu的书Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School中，她开始揭示导致这一差距的文化差异)可知，Lenora Chu认为中美学生之间的差异是因文化差异引起的。即中国文化让中国学生在学业上变得优秀。故选D项。

【2】

细节理解题。根据第三段Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort — rather than of smarts — is to blame.(研究表明，对于成绩差的孩子来说。中国的老师们认为，问题的症结在于缺乏努力，而不是缺乏智慧)可知，中国老师认为，考试不及格的学生是懒惰的。故选A项。

【3】

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段American children tend to be trained to have a fixed mindset about academics: their abilities are largely predetermined and static. If they aren’t doing well, it’s because they’re not good at it.(美国儿童往往被训练成对学术有一种固定的心态：他们的能力很大程度上是预先决定的，而且是静态的。如果他们做得不好，那是因为他们不擅长)可知，美国学生倾向于认为学习能力是由基因决定的。原文中的“预先决定和静态”指的就是遗传或者基因。综合分析，故选B项。

【4】

推理判断题。根据最后一段In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.(在美国，学生们被告知学习是有趣而简单的。但真正的学习实际上是非常困难的，需要痛苦和焦虑。如果你不愿意经历这些，你就不能深入学习。缺点是，当事情变得困难或不再有趣时，这些学生往往会放弃)可知，因为学习是困难、痛苦和焦虑的，所以学习的过程中勤奋刻苦是很重要的。故选D项。