Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003.This process is called biofabrication (生物制造) . It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.

Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their three-D printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks. Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖) , which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer.

Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bio-printer, is a great help to the biofabrication process.

The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器) , containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released.

Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated— machine-operated. He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.

The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.

But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.

Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.

“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can’t touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”

1.What can we know about the bio-inks?

A.They are the necessities of bio-printing.

B.They only contain proteins and glucose.

C.They can be placed in the traditional printers.

D.They are available in our local drugstores.

2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?

A.Researchers can’t find enough living cells of animals to make the bio-inks.

B.The price of the bio-printer is too high and most people can’t afford it.

C.Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.

D.People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.

3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that .

A.the Palmetto bio-printer can work without power

B.the Palmetto bio-printer has been used to treat the patients

C.the Palmetto bio-printer can only be found in the United States

D.the Palmetto bio-printer will have a bright future in medical use

4.The passage mainly tells us about .

A.the three-D printer and its working principles

B.the bio-inks and their use in bio-printing

C.the spread use of the bio-printer in the USA

D.the growing demand for biofabrication

The easy way out isn't always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Dong loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面团) covered with ugly yellowish marks. realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work, I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home , we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice . He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in out rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母)made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the 'living thing 'was and why it was there. I don't know who was more embarrassed(尴尬)by the whole thing Doug or me.

1. The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___________

A. to tell an interesting experience

B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty

C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman

D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books

2. Why did the woman's attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?

A. The canned orange had gone bad.

B. She didn't use the right kind of flour.

C. The cookbook was hard to understand.

D. She did not follow the directions closely.

3.Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?

A. She didn't see the use of keeping it

B. She meant to joke with her husband.

C. She didn't want her husband to see it.

D. She hoped it would soon dry in the son.

4.What made the dough in the rubbish bin?

A. The rising and falling movement.

B. The strange-looking marks.

C. Its shape.

D. Its size.

5.When Doug went out the third time , the woman looked out of the window because she was ______________.

A. surprised at his being interested in the bin

B. afraid that he would discover her secret

C. unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal

D. curious to know what disturbed him

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 1. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking helps you to hold your interest.

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 2. Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 3.

The following methods may work best for you.

·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.

·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.

·Write your notes in your own words.

· 4.

·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.

As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 5.

A.Use words, not complete sentences.

B.There are three practical note-taking methods.

C.You must write your notes on separate paper.

D.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.

E.You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.

F.That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.

G.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

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