题目内容

Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States. Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients. American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003．This process is called biofabrication (生物制造) . It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.

Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper. For their three-D printer, the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks. Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖) , which normally provides energy for most cells of the body. The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new, printed tissue. The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer.

Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina. She says new technology, like the Palmetto bio-printer, is a great help to the biofabrication process.

The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器) , containers, inside the printer. Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released.

Michael Yost is a leader of the research team. He says the printing process is fully automated— machine-operated. He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.

The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental. But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.

But there are still some problems which need to be solved. Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue. The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.

Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.

“Tissue biofabrication is a reality, and it is a reality now, and if you come here and you get to see it. You will get to see it. You can’t touch it, but you will see it and think this is real. And this is really human.”

1.What can we know about the bio-inks?

A．They are the necessities of bio-printing.

B．They only contain proteins and glucose.

C．They can be placed in the traditional printers.

D．They are available in our local drugstores.

2.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?

A．Researchers can’t find enough living cells of animals to make the bio-inks.

B．The price of the bio-printer is too high and most people can’t afford it.

C．Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.

D．People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.

3.According to Michael Yost, we can infer that .

A．the Palmetto bio-printer can work without power

B．the Palmetto bio-printer has been used to treat the patients

C．the Palmetto bio-printer can only be found in the United States

D．the Palmetto bio-printer will have a bright future in medical use

4.The passage mainly tells us about .

A．the three-D printer and its working principles

B．the bio-inks and their use in bio-printing

C．the spread use of the bio-printer in the USA

D．the growing demand for biofabrication

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Many of the world’s countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG) ．Nearly all such lands are economically well developed．They include much of Europe(including Russia)，the United States，Canada，Japan．and Australia．As the rate of natural increase(RNI)declines，two things happen．First，the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration．Second，a country’s population ages because there are fewer births．

Is achieving ZPG good or bad? What happens when a country’s population begins to drop? Many people，after all，believe that population decline is a good thing．But is it good for everyone? Does everyone agree?

An aging population can create many problems．Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention．Rather than paying into retirement programs，they begin to draw from their pensions．In the US，the Social Security program，according to many experts，will be used up by 2018．It will pay out more money than it takes in．Additionally, a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry。level positions that pay low wages．With an able to do them．Many of these jobs are aging population，who will fill them? At the other extreme，some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills．Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?

The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple：increased migration．Today many people，particularly those from less developed countries，are migrating in search of employment．Many are willing to take jobs that cannot(or will not) be filled by the domestic population．Others are well educated and highly skilled．Both groups contribute to a country’s economy progress in many ways．Further, they add to the richness of a country’s culture．Of greatest importance，perhaps，is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands．As you can see，for many countries and for most immigrants，migration is a win—win situation．

1.In the writer’s view，which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good．

B．Achieving ZPG is every country’s aim in spite of its side effects．

C．Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens．

D．Achieving ZPG is good for employment．

2. According to the passage，the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population is ．

A．to improve the health care system B．to increase RNI

C．to increase employment D．to increase migration

3.The underlined words “the domestic population’’ can be replaced by ．

A．people within the country B．people from developing countries

C．people without a college education D．people living abroad

4.The main idea of the last paragraph is

A．the advantages of increased migration

B．the problem of declining and aging population

C．how to increase migration

D．some ways to enrich a country’s culture

The figure skating team will look forward to changing their medal into a gold ____ at the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, ___ they have been dreaming of for many years.

A. it; one B. that; it C. one; one D. ones; that

Ever since Canadian psychiatrist Michael R. Phillips, who works in China, released his report saying China’s suicide rate from 1995 to 1999 reached 0.023 percent, the country has been ranked among those with the highest suicide rates in the world. But Jing Jun, a professor of sociology in Tsinghua University, challenges that view and presents the true picture through his nationwide research.

Jing and his students took one year to set up the first national database on suicide rate to grasp the overall trend of suicides in China. They collected data from the Health Statistics Annuals of the World Health Organization (sample size 10 million), and the country’s Health Statistics Annuals (which cover 100 million people). The database covers 23 years, from 1987 to 2009. Jing calculates the suicide rate in China based on these data. Though the suicide rate was comparatively high in the early years, his study shows it has dropped in recent years, as opposed to the ascending trend in the rest of the world.

According to Jing’s calculation, China’s suicide rate had dropped to about 0.01 percent in 2004. In 2009, the figure dropped further to 0.007 percent, which is rather low compared with the global rate of 0.016 percent. Even if the “missing” suicides were added, China’s suicide rate in 2009 would still be below 0.008 percent.

Jing has found that one of the main reasons why the suicide rate has dropped was the steady and big decline in the number of suicides committed by rural women. In the early years, researchers generally agreed that the suicide rate among Chinese women was higher than among men, which is pretty rare in the rest the world. But the suicide rate among Chinese women, especially in rural areas, has declined remarkably in recent years. In fact, it is almost equal to that of Chinese men.

As a sociologist, Jing regards suicide as a social issue, and believes improvement of social policies will reduce the suicide rate even further. More people’s lives can be saved if the authorities adjust to social environment for the better, he concludes.

1.From Jing’s search, we can see ________.

A. China has been ranked among those with the highest suicide rates in the world

B. in the rest of the world suicide rate has been rising quickly in the last few years

C. different from Michael R. Philip’s idea, the trend of suicides in China is declining

D. the suicide rate among Chinese women is lower than that of men

2.The data in Para. 2 is mainly to prove that ________.

A. the result from Jing’s research is believable

B. Jing’s research is more complicated than Michael R. Phillip’s

C. Jing has made great efforts to make the research

D. China’s suicide rate was comparatively low all the time

3.Why has the suicide rate in China dropped steadily according to Jing Jun?

A. Because the life level of Chinese people has improved a lot.

B. Because China’s government has adopted measures to reduce the suicide rate.

C. Because the number of Chinese women who commit suicide has declined.

D. Because the world environment affects the suicide rate in China.

4.In Jing’s opinion, what should be done to reduce the suicide?

A. Pay more attention to rural women.

B. Continue to improve social environment.

C. Set up more mental health centers.

D. Make policies to prevent suicides.

5.We can infer that the text is _______.

A. a news report

B. a research report

C. a description of suicides

D. an introduction to a professor

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，下文就是你同桌的一篇作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起） 不计分

Recently our local government has decided to broaden a narrow road and there is a temple of over 100 years old along a road. Whether the temple should pulled down have caused a heated discussion.

Some agree that we should pull it down to carrying out the construction project because it can solve some traffic problem and make our life convenient. Beside, it helps improve the image of our city. But the people who are for the idea believe that we can have another one solution. How should we pull it down? The temple has a long history and tells us something of our city. We can move it away and keep it as long as we like.

So far there had been no conclusion over the matter.

Dad: OK, kid, what' s so important 1. we have to meet in secret?

Daughter :Well, it' s about the 22nd of next month. I- d like to have 2. surprise party for Mum but I need your help. I thought that maybe you could take her to a movie, you know, just the two of you. Then while you' re away I can decorate the family room 3. invite lots of friends.

Dad.That 4. (sound) great but how do I manage to get her back without 5. (go) out to dinner after the movie?

Daughter: Oh, that' s easy. You just say that you want to pick me up in order to make it a family 6. ( celebrate). After the movie is 7. , you send Mum in to get me and when she comes in the front door everyone shouts "Happy birthday" to surprise her.

Dad: What about food? You don't have time to cook it 8. (you) , do you?

Daughter: I’ll order everything to be 9. (send) from the restaurant nearby while you are enjoying the movie.

Dad: I'm so happy you have handled this so 10. (beauty).

假定你在参加一场英语辩论赛，你是正方辩手，试用英语简要地表明自己的观点。

主题

Shall a senior school student take a part-time job in holidays?

观点

1. 高中生重视功课，面对社会所知甚少。

2．假期做a part-time job是很好的社会实践。

3. 假期是最好的补偿时间。

3．通过书本学到的东西不如通过经验学到的东西有效。

4．通过社会实践，我们可以在知识和能力两个方面取得进步。

5．假期做a part-time job的报酬对家里或多或少有些帮助。

结论

高中生……

注意：（社会实践：social practice; 社会：society ; 知识：knowledge ）

1、 词数100左右；2、开头已为你写好。

Here are my points. _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

I was wondering _____ that he won his regulars back so soon.

A. it was what B. what was it

C. how was it D. how it was

Windbreaks are barriers（屏障）formed by trees and other plants．Farmers plant these barriers around their fields，which help prevent the loss of soil，and stop the wind from blowing soil away．They also keep the wind from damaging or destroying crops．Besides，extra trees and plants can be cut down and used or sold for wood．

Windbreaks can be highly valuable for protecting grain crops．For example，in parts of West Africa grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared with fields without them．

But here is something interesting about windbreaks．They seem to work best when they allow some wind to pass through the barrier of trees or plants around a field．If not，then the movement of air close to the ground will lift the soil．Then the soil will be blown away．For this reason，a windbreak works best if it contains only 60 to 80 percent of the trees and plants that would be needed to make a solid line．An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to 10 times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreak．

There should be at least two lines in each windbreak．One line should be large trees．The second line，right next to it，can be shorter trees or other plants with leaves．Locally grown trees and plants are considered the best choices for windbreaks．Trees reduce the damaging effects of wind and rain．Their roots help protect soil from being washed away．And trees can provide animals outdoors with shade from the sun．

1.The advantages of building a windbreak are as follows except _____.

A. providing humans with shade from the sun

B. increasing the production of grain harvests

C. keeping the wind from destroying grain crops

D. reducing the damaging effects of wind and rain

2.The author thinks windbreaks are interesting because ______.

A. windbreaks can stop the wind getting through

B. the movement of air lifts the soil

C. large trees are lined with short ones

D. windbreaks allow some wind to pass through

3.If the trees grow to a height of 30 feet, the areas the windbreak can protect are ______.

A. 150 square feet B. 100 square feet

C. 300 square feet D. 240 square feet

4.What can be inferred from the text?

A. The environment is going from bad to worse.

B. Windbreaks can contribute to agriculture harvests. .

C. Trees and plants from abroad are the best for windbreaks.

D. Extra trees and plants can be cut down for wood

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