题目内容

20．Happy people work differently．They're more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks．And new research suggests that（51）Cmight influence how firms work，too．
Companies located in places with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper．（52）B，firms in happy places spend more on R&D，which stands for research and development．That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking（53）Dfor making investments for the future．
The researchers wanted to know if the optimism （乐观） and hobbies for risk-taking that come with happiness would（54）Dthe way companies invested．So they compared U．S．cities'average happiness（55）Bby Gallup polling （民意调查） with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas．
（56）Aenough，firms'investment and R&D intensity were related with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered．But is it really happiness that's linked to investment，or could something else about happier cities（57）Awhy firms there spend more on R&D？To find out，the researchers controlled for various （58）Bthat might make firms more likely to invest-like size，industry，and sales-and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in，like（59）Cin wages or population．The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these things．
The（60）Abetween happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms，which the authors regard as"less codified （法典化的） decision-making process"and the possible presence of"younger and less（61）Dmanagers who are more likely to be influenced by emotions．"The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spread more（62）D．Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy，rather than in places with happiness inequality，or large（63）Cin the distribution of well-being．
While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view，the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility．It's not hard to imagine that local culture and emotions would help（64）Ahow executives think about the future．Just ask anyone who's spent time in Silicon Valley．"It surely seems reasonable that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and（65）BR&D more than the average，"said one researcher．
51．A．successB．patienceC．happinessD．progress
52．A．In returnB．In particularC．In responseD．In conclusion
53．A．sufficientB．famousC．perfectD．necessary
54．A．ceaseB．missC．spoilD．change
55．A．imaginedB．measuredC．inventedD．assumed
56．A．SureB．SpecialC．UnfortunateD．Casual
57．A．explainB．repeatC．summarizeD．emphasize
58．A．stagesB．factorsC．levelsD．methods
59．A．decreaseB．limitC．growthD．presentation
60．A．relationshipB．differenceC．contrastD．conflict
61．A．passiveB．dependentC．patrioticD．experienced
62．A．rapidlyB．regularlyC．directlyD．equally
63．A．helpsB．opportunitiesC．gapsD．responsibilities
64．A．influenceB．investigateC．simplifyD．share
65．A．turn downB．focus onC．give upD．make out

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了快乐的人工作起来会有不同．他们更多产，更有创造力，也更愿意去冒险．近期的一项研究表明快乐也可能会影响公司的工作，因此我们一定要保持快乐的氛围．

解答 51．C．根据文章第一段"Happy people work differently"，快乐的人工作起来是不一样的，可知快乐也会影响工作；故选C．
52．B．根据前文语境，第二段第一句译为"根据近期的研究，拥有更多快乐的人的公司会投资更多"．而第二句"_______那些在快乐氛围中的公司会做更多的研发以及发展．"第二句是在第一句的基础上进一步强调说明，故选B．
53．D，根据本句题干"That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future．"译为"因为快乐与对未来投资有______长远考虑相联系．"要求填写形容词，我们要考虑其搭配与其修饰成分．空格处搭配介词for，并且修饰"长远考虑"．故选D．
54．D．根据原文语境，"would 5 the way companies invested．"本题考查动宾搭配，宾语为"公司投资的方式"只有change搭配最为合理；故选D．
55．B．根据文章"So they compared U．S．cities'average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas．"译为"他们把盖洛普咨询公司所_____的美国城市平均幸福指数与该地区的上市公司投资活跃度进行对比．"根据原文语境，盖洛普咨询公司所做的应该是一个"既定事实"所以排除ACD．故选B．
56．A．A]确信的[B]奇怪的[C]不幸运的[D]经常的 本题为固定搭配"sure enough"译为"足以肯定的是，故选A．
57．A．[A]解释[B]夸大[C]概述[D]重点强调 根据原文"…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D？"A选项"explain"常和后文"why"搭配使用；故须A．
58．B．根据原文语境"To find out，the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest-like size，industry，and sales…"本题中，破折号后面"大小，产业，销售"这些都是"让公司有更多投资的"因素．故选B．
59．C．句意为也掌握了各种指标，如适宜居住地，工资涨幅及人口变化，故选C．
60．A．根据句意幸福与投资之间的关系尤其适用于新公司，故选A．
61．D．前面有一个并列连词and，与前面的young一致修饰managers，强调新公司的领导年轻并缺乏经验，故选D．
62．D．考察副词修饰spread，但是更要注意的是该句"这种关系在员工幸福指数_____的公司尤为明显．公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门．"中该空与后面的inequality形成复现关系，故选D．
63．C．gaps，缺口；根据前文公司似乎乐于投资那些相对快乐的员工所在的部门，而不是那些不快乐的部门；故选C．
64．A．根据上下文应该选一个"影响"未来看法含义的动词，[B]是"再发现"[C]是"使简化，使单纯"[D]是"分享"所以可以均可以排除，A 是"形成，影响"，故选A．
65．B．本空考察动词词组，且该词组词义应与and前面意思保持一致，且作用对象为研发根据文意得知快乐的人更容易专注于研发；故选B．

点评 考察学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的能力，在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．此类的填空题一定要联系上下文，根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解，再作出正确的判断．

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10．Lack of sleep"switches off'genes
One week of bad sleep can"switch off"hundreds of genes and raise the risk of a host of illnesses which iS linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease，scientists claim．（71）AGetting fewer than six hours'sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study．
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue，but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working．（72）GScientists from Surrey University divided 26volunteers into two groups，one of which slept for less than six hours per night for a whole week，and one which slept for ten hours per night．At the end of the week each group was kept awake for 40hours and donated blood samples，which were studied to examine the effects of their sleep states．（73）B
Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern，researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems including heart disease．
（74）FProf Colin Smith，one of the authors of the new paper，which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal，said："This is only a week of short time sleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night，Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks，months and maybe，even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be．"
If these processes continue to be disordered，you could see how you are going to get damage of organs，tissues，heart disease，etc．（75）E

A．Genes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process of self-repair．
B．The group of lack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711genes．
C．The other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some of the nights．
D．The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heart disease．
E．If you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer    permanent ill health．
F．Studies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems，for example limiting    our ability to drive a car safely．
G．The findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing       itself and raise the risk of a host of diseases．
11．In 1857 Louis Pasteur accepted a position at the Ecole Normale Superieure，a prestigious school in Paris．There，he continued the research on fermentation（发酵） that he had started earlier．
Ultimately，his research led to the process of pasteurization（巴斯德氏杀菌法），which uses heat to kill harmful germs in a variety of food products．Later，Pasteur took on industry-related cases such as a disease affecting the silk industry．Beginning in 1865，Pasteur spent three years investigating the bacteria that were the culprits and developing ways to prevent their spread．
In 1866Pasteur lost two daughters to typhoid（伤寒）fever．Two years later he became partially paralyzed（瘫痪）as a result of grief and stress．But despite these difficulties，Pasteur pressed on to even greater accomplishments．
In the late 1870s，Pasteur began research in the emerging scientific field of immunization and developed a vaccine（疫苗） for the deadly disease rabies．Following this success，the Pasteur Institute was founded to support Pasteur's work．Pasteur headed the institute until his death in 1895．Since then，the institute has continued to grow．Today，the institute's headquarters in Paris contain over 130laboratories along with extensive teaching facilities and the institute's own medical center．Over the years，the institute has also extended through the establishment of around thirty research centers in other countries．At each one，researchers help local authorities monitor public health and provide medical treatment．
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31．Who does this article introduce？C
A．A modem philosopher．                   B．An international diplomat（外交官）．
C．An important scientist                  D．A conservative politician．
32．What happened to Pasteur in the late 1860s？C
A．His sales decreased．                   B．His career ended．
C．His health suffered．                   D．His personality changed．
33．What did Pasteur focus his attention on in the 1870s？D
A．Contributing to French art and literature．
B．Designing products that people would buy．
C．Using his fortune to enjoy life in France． 
D．Protecting people against a terrible illness．
34．What does the Pasteur Institute provide？A
A．Instruction．      B．Entertainment．
C．Legal advice．     D．Economic news．
35．According to this article，what do ordinary people do？B
A．Apply for jobs at the Pasteur Institute．  B．Give money to the Pasteur Institute．
C．Tour the Pasteur Institute in Paris．      D．Contact the Pasteur Institute for advice．
8．The most delicious Liangpi in Shaanxi       by Mum．Please wait half an hour to enjoy it!（　　）
A．is cookedB．is cookingC．cooksD．is being cooked
15．A visit to the village of Kitaisa，Uganda
There are not many visitors to Kitaisa，and not much that would bring them there unless they know someone living there．Most of the villagers live a distance from the main road and where they live are paths that are difficult to travel，especially during the rainy seasons．
There are a few shops selling oil，sugar，tea，flour，candles．There is no petrol station，but one will find a school and a small government hospital．But there are no doctors，just a few nurses and medically trained staff．
It is still early and most people are outside cooking their meals over firewood．Children in uniform and without shoes are going to school，making their way through muddy paths from the night's rain．
You can see some adults picking beans，or cultivating the ground around corn plants．Some children are carrying water from the nearby river．People are sitting outside having breakfast．Children will have porridge，the family will eat leftover posho，or plantain bananas called matoke．Meat is not often eaten，protein comes mostly from beans．
Here life is tough，there is simply a lack of everything．Some chickens are running around and I am told that they are basically for eggs，though one was caught and given to me for later．Life here is very simple．There is no library here，no newspapers．There was a little restaurant with some outside chairs，a beauty shop，and about eight places where food and other supplies were sold．
People in villages don't live long for the most part，since there is no infrastructure here．There are no ambulances，and if you do get sick there is no money to pay for treatment．The nearest hospital is 15kilometres away in Busunju，but even that larger town lacks facilities，though a medical clinic is there with a doctor，unlike the small facility in Kitaisa which has few things．
Other obvious problems are with water and sanitation．Water taken from creeks should be boiled and treated．It is not and because it has to be carried from a distance it is used sparingly．Children become ill with diseases that could be prevented through the use of soap and water．
There are no jobs in the village，except cultivating your garden．You can try selling food along the road，but there is no way to make money．You learn to live on little and to make every shilling count．Some support comes from relatives and if you visit someone in the village，you bring those things that they do not have and when you leave you leave them some cash．
Village people in Uganda are friendly and hospitable．They are kind and show their graceful ways to outsiders．Kids hover，adults greet you like they have known you forever．

69．What is the most likely reason for people to Kitaisa？A
A．To visit some relatives or friends．
B．To enjoy the beautiful scenery．
C．To know more about Uganda．
D．To help people away from diseases．
70．Which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the life in Kitaisa？D
A．Hard．  B．Peaceful．  C．Boring．  D．Ideal．
71．The word"infrastructure"（paragraph 6）is closest in meaning to"C"．
A．enough nutrition
B．systemic transportation
C．basic services
D．high-quality education
72．The passage mainly talks about the author'sB．
A．expectation of the under-developing village
B．experience and feelings of the visit to the village
C．suggestions on the development of the village
D．description of the beautiful scenery of the village．
5．The president is said ______ to visit our country next week．（　　）
A．comingB．to comeC．to have comeD．will come
2．Positive Thinking Can Transform Your Health
Our emotional（情感）world has a remarkable power to determine not only our mental health，but also our physical well-being．And a growing body of research in psychology，medicine and public health is displaying the health benefit of positive emotions and their effect on physical health．（36）C．
1．Optimism may protect the heart．
According to a 2012review of literature，a number of studies have shown that people with optimistic personalities are at a reduced risk of the heart attack．（37）A，such as improved immune system function and increased life span．
2．Compassion and care for others can improve nerve function．
Compassion，a loving concern for the well-being of others，can make us feel positive and may improve our physical health．
Positive psychologist Barbara has conducted research on the effects of loving kindness meditation（沉思），a traditional religious practice that involves meditating on love and extending compassion to oneself and others．（38）D，which extends from the brain to the heart，helping to regulate emotions as well as bodily systems
3．（39）F．
Like optimism，an"attitude of gratitude"，appreciation and feeling of thankfulness for the blessings one has in life，carries significant mental and physical health benefits．Gratefulness，like optimism，has been linked with improved immune health，and has also been shown to improve sleep quality．
4．Self-compassion improves health-related behaviors．
（40）E．A 2013study found that self-compassionate people sought medical attention sooner than people who were lacking in self-compassion．Self-compassionate people also tended to be less depressed．

A．Optimism's benefits for physical health also extend beyond heart health
B．There are many kinds of methods to make us feel positive
C．Here are four positive emotions to improve physical health and prevent disease
D．Researchers find the practice can have a positive impact on the nerve
E．People who cultivate kindness towards themselves are also kinder to their bodies
F．Gratitude may also benefit heart health and immune system function
G．Those who are kind to others are easier to feel relaxed．
19．A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers．（　　）
A．are tellingB．is tellingC．are givenD．were given
20．一Beijing International Airport，please!I'll be there by eight．
一              ，but I'11 try my best．（　　）
A．It's impossibleB．I can't promiseC．All rightD．No problem

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