题目内容
11.In 1857 Louis Pasteur accepted a position at the Ecole Normale Superieure,a prestigious school in Paris.There,he continued the research on fermentation(发酵) that he had started earlier.Ultimately,his research led to the process of pasteurization(巴斯德氏杀菌法),which uses heat to kill harmful germs in a variety of food products.Later,Pasteur took on industry-related cases such as a disease affecting the silk industry.Beginning in 1865,Pasteur spent three years investigating the bacteria that were the culprits and developing ways to prevent their spread.
In 1866Pasteur lost two daughters to typhoid(伤寒)fever.Two years later he became partially paralyzed(瘫痪)as a result of grief and stress.But despite these difficulties,Pasteur pressed on to even greater accomplishments.
In the late 1870s,Pasteur began research in the emerging scientific field of immunization and developed a vaccine(疫苗) for the deadly disease rabies.Following this success,the Pasteur Institute was founded to support Pasteur's work.Pasteur headed the institute until his death in 1895.Since then,the institute has continued to grow.Today,the institute's headquarters in Paris contain over 130laboratories along with extensive teaching facilities and the institute's own medical center.Over the years,the institute has also extended through the establishment of around thirty research centers in other countries.At each one,researchers help local authorities monitor public health and provide medical treatment.
Unlike many research organizations,the Pasteur Institute is not government funded.Instead it relies on financial gifts that it receives from institutions and ordinary people.This insures the institute's independence and enables it to respond quickly when health needs arise.
31.Who does this article introduce?C
A.A modem philosopher. B.An international diplomat(外交官).
C.An important scientist D.A conservative politician.
32.What happened to Pasteur in the late 1860s?C
A.His sales decreased. B.His career ended.
C.His health suffered. D.His personality changed.
33.What did Pasteur focus his attention on in the 1870s?D
A.Contributing to French art and literature.
B.Designing products that people would buy.
C.Using his fortune to enjoy life in France.
D.Protecting people against a terrible illness.
34.What does the Pasteur Institute provide?A
A.Instruction. B.Entertainment.
C.Legal advice. D.Economic news.
35.According to this article,what do ordinary people do?B
A.Apply for jobs at the Pasteur Institute. B.Give money to the Pasteur Institute.
C.Tour the Pasteur Institute in Paris. D.Contact the Pasteur Institute for advice.
分析 本文是一篇人物故事类阅读.文章主要讲述了科学家巴斯德的一生及其重要的研究.巴斯德成功的研制了狂犬病的免疫疫苗,学院为了支持巴斯德的研究,建立了一所机构.这所机构逐年扩大,并推广到了其他国家.
解答 31.C 理解推断题.本文主要讲述了科学家巴斯德的一生及其重要的研究.故选C.
32.C 细节理解题.根据第三段Two years later he became partially paralyzed(瘫痪)as a result of grief and stress.可知在1860年代后期,由于悲伤和压力,巴斯德身体瘫痪了.故选C.
33.D 细节理解题.根据第四段In the late 1870s,Pasteur began research in the emerging scientific field of immunization and developed a vaccine(疫苗) for the deadly disease rabies.可知在19世纪70年代末期,巴斯德开始在新兴科学领域研究和开发致命的狂犬病的免疫疫苗.故选D.
34.A 理解推断题.根据第四段the institute's headquarters in Paris contain over 130laboratories along with extensive teaching facilities and the institute's own medical center.可知这所机构包含了丰富的教学设施和自己的医疗中心.由此可知,这所机构提供授课.故选A.
35.B 细节理解题.根据最后一段Instead it relies on financial gifts that it receives from institutions and ordinary people.可知普通人为这所机构提供了钱财.故选B.
点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.
A. | Never had I found | B. | Seldom did I find | ||
C. | Hardly had I found | D. | No sooner did I find |
A. | offer | B. | conversation | C. | service | D. | concert |
A. | was accompanied | B. | accompanied | ||
C. | accompanying | D. | being accompanied |
Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.(52)B,firms in happy places spend more on R&D,which stands for research and development.That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking(53)Dfor making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the optimism (乐观) and hobbies for risk-taking that come with happiness would(54)Dthe way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities'average happiness(55)Bby Gallup polling (民意调查) with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
(56)Aenough,firms'investment and R&D intensity were related with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered.But is it really happiness that's linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities(57)Awhy firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various (58)Bthat might make firms more likely to invest-like size,industry,and sales-and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in,like(59)Cin wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these things.
The(60)Abetween happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors regard as"less codified (法典化的) decision-making process"and the possible presence of"younger and less(61)Dmanagers who are more likely to be influenced by emotions."The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spread more(62)D.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality,or large(63)Cin the distribution of well-being.
While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility.It's not hard to imagine that local culture and emotions would help(64)Ahow executives think about the future.Just ask anyone who's spent time in Silicon Valley."It surely seems reasonable that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and(65)BR&D more than the average,"said one researcher.
51.A.success | B.patience | C.happiness | D.progress |
52.A.In return | B.In particular | C.In response | D.In conclusion |
53.A.sufficient | B.famous | C.perfect | D.necessary |
54.A.cease | B.miss | C.spoil | D.change |
55.A.imagined | B.measured | C.invented | D.assumed |
56.A.Sure | B.Special | C.Unfortunate | D.Casual |
57.A.explain | B.repeat | C.summarize | D.emphasize |
58.A.stages | B.factors | C.levels | D.methods |
59.A.decrease | B.limit | C.growth | D.presentation |
60.A.relationship | B.difference | C.contrast | D.conflict |
61.A.passive | B.dependent | C.patriotic | D.experienced |
62.A.rapidly | B.regularly | C.directly | D.equally |
63.A.helps | B.opportunities | C.gaps | D.responsibilities |
64.A.influence | B.investigate | C.simplify | D.share |
65.A.turn down | B.focus on | C.give up | D.make out |