题目内容
10.Lack of sleep"switches off'genesOne week of bad sleep can"switch off"hundreds of genes and raise the risk of a host of illnesses which iS linked to higher bodyweights or heart disease,scientists claim.(71)AGetting fewer than six hours'sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study.
Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue,but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working.(72)GScientists from Surrey University divided 26volunteers into two groups,one of which slept for less than six hours per night for a whole week,and one which slept for ten hours per night.At the end of the week each group was kept awake for 40hours and donated blood samples,which were studied to examine the effects of their sleep states.(73)B
Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern,researchers said that long periods of sleeplessness could lead to serious health problems including heart disease.
(74)FProf Colin Smith,one of the authors of the new paper,which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal,said:"This is only a week of short time sleeping and it is only five and a half or six hours night,Many people have that amount of sleep for weeks,months and maybe,even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be."
If these processes continue to be disordered,you could see how you are going to get damage of organs,tissues,heart disease,etc.(75)E
A.Genes in our bodies play a key role in the constant process of self-repair.
B.The group of lack of sleeping was found to have changed the function of 711genes.
C.The other participants were monitored as they slept with their rest disturbed on some of the nights.
D.The results suggest that shorter sleep provides a more permissive environment only for heart disease.
E.If you are not able to repair cells and tissues that are damaged then you are going to suffer permanent ill health.
F.Studies have also shown the lack of sleep can lead to some other problems,for example limiting our ability to drive a car safely.
G.The findings suggest that long-lasting lack of sleep could prevent the body from fully repairing itself and raise the risk of a host of diseases.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读.作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一周睡不好觉会"关闭"身体的数百个基因,提高许多疾病比如体重和心脏病的风险,虽然一周的正常睡眠是足以恢复受影响的基因的正常模式,但研究人员说,长期的失眠会导致严重的健康问题,因此我们一定要养成健康的睡眠习惯.
解答 71.A.推理判断题.根据文章第一段"Getting fewer than six hours'sleep per night can switch off genes in the body according to a new study."可推测应填我们体内的基因在自我修复的过程中起着关键的作用;故选A.
72.G.推理判断题.根据文章文章第二段"Our bodies depend on genes to produce a constant supply of proteins which are used to replace or repair damaged tissue,but after a week of lacking in sleep some of genes stopped working",可推出应填研究结果表明,长期的睡眠不足可能会阻止身体完全修复,并提高了一系列疾病的风险;故选G.
73.B.推理判断题.根据文章第三段"Although a week's normal sleep was enough to restore the affected genes to their normal pattern",可知前文为睡眠不足的影响,应填缺乏睡眠组发现有11个基因功能受影响;故选B.
74.F.推理判断题.根据文章第四段"even years so we have no idea how much worse it might be"可知应填研究还表明,睡眠不足会导致一些其他的问题,例如限制我们驾驶汽车的能力;故选F.
75.E.推理判断题.根据文章最后一段"If these processes continue to be disordered,you could see how you are going to get damage of organs,tissues,heart disease,etc",应填如果你不能修复受损的细胞和组织,那么你就要遭受长期的健康状况;故填E.
点评 考察学生的推理判断能力和联系上下文的能力,在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.此类的填空题一定要联系上下文,根据上下文的内容加上自己的理解,再作出正确的判断.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recent research paper.(52)B,firms in happy places spend more on R&D,which stands for research and development.That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking(53)Dfor making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the optimism (乐观) and hobbies for risk-taking that come with happiness would(54)Dthe way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities'average happiness(55)Bby Gallup polling (民意调查) with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
(56)Aenough,firms'investment and R&D intensity were related with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered.But is it really happiness that's linked to investment,or could something else about happier cities(57)Awhy firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,the researchers controlled for various (58)Bthat might make firms more likely to invest-like size,industry,and sales-and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in,like(59)Cin wages or population.The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these things.
The(60)Abetween happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms,which the authors regard as"less codified (法典化的) decision-making process"and the possible presence of"younger and less(61)Dmanagers who are more likely to be influenced by emotions."The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spread more(62)D.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality,or large(63)Cin the distribution of well-being.
While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view,the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility.It's not hard to imagine that local culture and emotions would help(64)Ahow executives think about the future.Just ask anyone who's spent time in Silicon Valley."It surely seems reasonable that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and(65)BR&D more than the average,"said one researcher.
51.A.success | B.patience | C.happiness | D.progress |
52.A.In return | B.In particular | C.In response | D.In conclusion |
53.A.sufficient | B.famous | C.perfect | D.necessary |
54.A.cease | B.miss | C.spoil | D.change |
55.A.imagined | B.measured | C.invented | D.assumed |
56.A.Sure | B.Special | C.Unfortunate | D.Casual |
57.A.explain | B.repeat | C.summarize | D.emphasize |
58.A.stages | B.factors | C.levels | D.methods |
59.A.decrease | B.limit | C.growth | D.presentation |
60.A.relationship | B.difference | C.contrast | D.conflict |
61.A.passive | B.dependent | C.patriotic | D.experienced |
62.A.rapidly | B.regularly | C.directly | D.equally |
63.A.helps | B.opportunities | C.gaps | D.responsibilities |
64.A.influence | B.investigate | C.simplify | D.share |
65.A.turn down | B.focus on | C.give up | D.make out |