题目内容

【题目】New research shows how kids’ brains reorganize as they learn math.

All the time you spent memorizing multiplication tables(乘法表)may have made you a better mathematician, according to a new study. A team of scientists from Stanford University, in California, have shown how the brain reorganizes itself as kids learn math.

After a certain amount of time spent practicing math, kids can put away the calculator(计算器). They don’t even need to count on their fingers. They simply know the answers to subtraction(减法), addition, and multiplication facts. The quicker kids can recall basic math facts, the easier it is for them to solve more complicated math problems.

The Stanford University researchers observed the brain activity of 28 students aged 7to 9 for the study. They took scans of the students’ brains as the students solved math calculations without the help of a calculator, pen or paper. A calculation—three plus four equals seven, for example—flashed on a screen. The students pushed a button to say if the answer was right or wrong. The scientists also recorded the response speed, and what parts of the brain became active as the kids pushed the button.

These observations showed a process called fact retrieval(事实检索). Rather than using their fingers to count, or writing out answers on a piece of paper, the students pulled the answers from memory. It’s as if the answers to basic math problems are kept in a long-term storage area in the brain, which was built from repetition. “Experience really does matter,” said Dr. Kathy Mann Koepeke.

Children make the shift(转换)from counting to fact retrieval when they are 8 to 9 years old, the study shows. This is the time when most students are learning basic addition and subtraction. When kids have basic math facts memorized, the brain has more free space to learn more complicated math.

This process has benefits for the future. The study shows as kids grow older, their answers rely more on memory and become quicker and more accurate. Less brain activity is devoted to counting. Some children make this shift quicker than others.

【1】What did the researchers do when students worked out the given problems?

A. They recorded the students’ brain activities.

B. They pushed a button linked to the students.

C. They noticed whether they used a calculator.

D. They found out who responded most quickly.

2Fact retrieval is a process when the students________.

A. calculate answers using pens

B. use their fingers to count out

C. repeat the answers they remember

D. find the answers from their memory

3What plays a key role in solving a math problem?

A. Intelligence B. Experience

C. Learning method D. Constant practice

4What happens to kids when they are 8 to 9 years old?

A. Their brains are more active than before.

B. They depend on fact retrieval for answers.

C. They become more interested in learning math.

D. They work out complicated problems more quickly.

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

试题分析: 本文是说明文,讲述最后研究成果,孩子是如何学习数学。

【1】A细节理解题。根据第四段提到The Stanford University researchers observed the brain activity of 28 students aged 7to 9 for the study研究都观察28个七到九岁学生的大脑活动进行研究,故选A项

【2】D 细节理解题。根据第五段提到Rather than using their fingers to count, or writing out answers on a piece of paper, the students pulled the answers from memory而不是用手指数,或写在纸上,学生从记忆中提出答案,故选D项。

【3】B细节理解题。根据第五段提到“Experience really does matter,” said Dr. Kathy Mann Koepeke.可知经验真的很重要,故选B项;

【4】B 推断题。根据第六段提到Children make the shift(转换)from counting to fact retrieval when they are 8 to 9 years old, the study shows当孩子八到九岁时会把数数转换成事实检索,故选B项。

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Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money. 1 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). 2 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more ways of using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 3 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have to make a choice between this and that toy.”

3. 4

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product –a name-brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 5 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decision

B. The value of money

C. Permit the child to choose between them.

D. Tell your child why he can –or cannot –have certain things.

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.

F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

【题目】As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being ______ from morning till night, it is hard to _________ down. But relaxation is necessary for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is a ______ part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. However, it is not the bad thing that is often supposed to be. A ________ amount of stress is important to provide motivation and give ______ to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ________ health.

The amount of stress a person can _________ depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously chief material for managerial responsibilities (经营责任). Others lose heart at the __________ of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and __________.

In fact, we make a choice between “fright and fight”. And in more __________ days the choices made the difference between life and ________. The crises we meet today are _______ to be so extreme, but however __________ the stress is, it requires the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that ________ becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with _______. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

【1】A. angry B. busy C. well D. happy

【2】A. slow B. calm C. get D. turn

【3】A. physical B. natural C. hard D. terrible

【4】A. small B. certain C. large D. great

【5】A. purpose B. resource C. influence D. instruction

【6】A. ill B. good C. strong D. weak

【7】A. hear B. see C. bear D. meet

【8】A. end B. site C. sight D. impression

【9】A. physically B. mentally C. economically D. spiritually

【10】A. modern B. difficult C. ancient D. different

【11】A. work B. hardship C. unhappiness D. death

【12】A. unlikely B. likely C. necessary D. probable

【13】A. great B. little C. big D. late

【14】A. situation B. trouble C. health D. number

【15】A. stress B. illness C. bitter D. happiness

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