Question

【题目】 Parents who fear their kids are spending too much time in front of screens now have more reasons for concern.

New research funded by the National Institutes of Health found brain changes among kids using screens more than seven hours a day and lower cognitive(认知的) skills among those using screens more than two hours a day.

When studies find links between screen time and negative outcomes, some have argued that this is just the latest moral panic over technology.After all, didn't today's grandparents once worry that their kids were watching too much TV or talking on the phone too much? Those kids( today's parents )turned out OK, right?

In a new paper, my co-authors and I found that children who spent four or more hours a day on portable devices(设备)--compared with no time-were over 44 percent more likely to sleep not enough.TV time was also connected to less sleep, but not as strongly or consistently.

For one thing, TV is not so psychologically stimulating(刺激性的)as a portable device like a smartphone, which, unlike TV.doesn’t exist to simply consume media.Smartphones have also become a huge part of social life, whether it's texting with friends or interacting with them on social media.

And unlike TV, portable devices can be silently carried into the bedroom or even the bed, resulting in some teens using them throughout the night.

That might explain why lack of sleep among teens spiked after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.

So what is a parent-or anyone who wants to sleep well-to do?

First, it's best for smartphones and tablets to stay out of the bedroom after"lights-out"time.Nor is it a great idea to use the devices within an hour of bedtime, as their blue light influences the brain’s ability to produce melatonin (褪黑激素).Finally, as a general rule, two hours a day or less spent on portable devices is a good guideline.These rules apply to parents, too -not only kids.

【1】What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A.Today's parents' health condition.

B.Grandparents’ influence on their kids.

C.Bad effects of too much screen time on kids.

D.Some people,'s opinion on the findings of the studies.

【2】What is a reason for portable devices' being more strongly associated with less sleep?

A.They only consume media.B.They are convenient to carry.

C.They are better used in daytime.D.They are independent of social life.

【3】What does the underlined word"spiked" in paragraph 7 probably mean?

A.rose quickly.B.stood still.

C.grew equally.D.decreased abruptly.

【4】What's the author's advice on how to get a good sleep?

A.Never bring screens into the bedroom.

B.Allow parents to adapt the rules for themselves.

C.Avoid the devices within an hour of bedtime.

D.Spend exactly two hours a day on the devices.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。美国国立卫生研究院资助的一项新研究发现，每天看屏幕超过7小时的孩子大脑会发生变化，而每天看屏幕超过2小时的孩子认知能力较低。同时便携设备因为其方便性可以被悄悄带到卧室甚至床上，导致一些青少年整夜都在使用它们，从而导致青少年缺少睡眠。

【1】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句When studies find links between screen time and negative outcomes, some have argued that this is just the latest moral panic over technology.（当研究发现屏幕时间和负面结果之间存在联系时，一些人辩称，这只是对科技的最新道德恐慌。）以及下文内容可知第三段主要是关于一些人对研究结果的看法。故选D。

【2】推理判断题。根据倒数第四段And unlike TV, portable devices can be silently carried into the bedroom or even the bed, resulting in some teens using them throughout the night.（与电视不同的是，便携式设备可以被悄悄带到卧室甚至床上，导致一些青少年整夜都在使用它们。）可推知便携式设备与睡眠更少有更强的关联，因为它们携带方便。故选B。

【3】词义猜测题。根据下文after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.可知2012年智能手机的使用变得越来越普遍，因此青少年睡眠不足的人数也迅速增加。故可推测划线单词意思为“迅速上升”。故选A。

【4】细节理解题。根据最后一段First, it's best for smartphones and tablets to stay out of the bedroom after "lights-out" time. Nor is it a great idea to use the devices within an hour of bedtime, as their blue light influences the brain’s ability to produce melatonin.（首先，对于智能手机和平板电脑来说，在“熄灯”后最好远离卧室。睡前一小时内使用这些设备也不是个好主意，因为它们发出的蓝光会影响大脑产生褪黑激素的能力。）可知作者建议在睡前一小时内避免使用电子设备，以获得良好的睡眠，故选C。

词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为

① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。

② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。

③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。

④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。

⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

如第三小题，根据下文after 2012-just as smartphone use became common.可知2012年智能手机的使用变得越来越普遍，因此青少年睡眠不足的人数也迅速增加。故可推测划线单词意思为“迅速上升”。故选A。