题目内容
6.The American BystanderOn a humid subway ride into work a few days ago,a woman on the other end of my car had a seizure (病情突然发作).All of a sudden,I heard her let out a painful sigh as she collapsed.For several minutes,the train continued down the track,and everyone in the car just stared at the woman.Finally,at the next stop a man informed the operator of what had happened and called 911.Luckily the woman came to herself as the EMTs carried her off the train.Ever since,I've been puzzled by the same question-why didn't anyone do anything?And more importantly,why didn't I do anything?We've learned about the commonly referenced bystander effect-a psychological phenomenon in which individuals will avoid offering help to a person in need when other people are present.The bystander effect is attributed to two different psychological processes:social influence-individuals in a group will monitor and imitate other group members'behavior-and shift of responsibility-individuals will cease to help because they believe that someone else will.
Even though most people probably haven't witnessed a woman having a seizure on the subway,I'm sure if asked,anyone could think of a time when they could have helped and simply didn't.In fact,I know that we have all experienced the bystander effect,because I believe it is one of American society's most common headaches.
Anyone who follows the news can tell you that most of what we hear or read about these days is another death or another hate crime committed right in our own country.Consider the most recent theatre shooting in Nashville.The headlines read Another Theatre Shooting,Gunman is dead.When we read that headline or heard it on the news,most of us just acknowledged how sad it was,then told ourselves that there is nothing we can do to help and assumed that someone else would.
If America is just one large group of witnesses,all while telling ourselves that someone else most certainly will step in,how can we hope to shake the hold of this social psychological spell?The solution lies solely within us,to know the difference between doing what is justifiable and doing what is right,helping those in need when we have the means and opportunity to do so.
I want to be like the man on the subway who told the operator about the woman's seizure,because as soon as he did,people followed suit and offered help.We have the power to choose whether to justify passivity or actively decide to do the right thing,and as a society I believe we ought to break free from our psychological tendency to just stand by.
61.What was the most passengers'attitude towards the woman's seizure?A
A.Indifferent.
B.Skeptical.
C.Enthusiastic.
D.Concerned.
62.The psychological explanation for the fact that most people hesitate to help is thatD.
A.they need heroes or good examples to learn from
B.they believe such cases are none of their business
C.they fear that their behavior will be imitated by others
D.they count on other group members to give a helping hand
63.What can we learn from the theatre shooting in Nashville?C
A.The mass media are only too concerned about crimes and deaths.
B.The majority of the US citizens are suffering from crimes.
C.People get too accustomed to pay adequate attention to crimes.
D.Media coverage is inconsistent with what the Americans assume.
64.As far as the author is concerned,the key to solving such an effect lies inC.
A.the necessary means and opportunity to help others
B.the essential power to display psychological tendency
C.the acute awareness of making a right choice
D.the determined effort to help whoever is in need of help.
分析 本文通过一个妇女病情发作事人们的冷漠态度,心理学家对于这一现象进行了分析,告诉我们敏锐地意识到做出正确的选择.
解答 61.A 推理判断题.根据句子Ever since,I've been puzzled by the same question-why didn't anyone do anything?从那时起,我一直困惑于同样的问题:为什么没有人做任何事?可以推断出人们对于那个妇女病情发作的情况是Indifferent冷漠的,所以答案选A.
62.D 细节理解题.根据句子social influence-individuals in a group will monitor and imitate other group members'behavior-and shift of responsibility-individuals will cease to help because they believe that someone else will.社会影响个人一组将监控和模仿其他组成员的行为,转移责任人将停止帮助,因为他们相信别人会.所以答案选D.
63.C.推理判断题.根据句子Consider the most recent theatre shooting in Nashville.The headlines read Another Theatre Shooting,Gunman is dead.
考虑到最近的剧院在纳什维尔的枪击事件.头条读另一剧院的枪击事件,男子已经死亡.可以推测出人们太习惯于对犯罪给予足够的注意.
64.C 推理判断题.根据句子The solution lies solely within us,to know the difference between doing what is justifiable and doing what is right,helping those in need when we have the means and opportunity to do so.解决办法就在于我们自己,知道做正当的事和做正确的事之间的区别,当我们有方法和机会去帮助那些需要帮助的人时.可见敏锐地意识到做出正确的选择.所以答案选C.
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.
In a stressful situation it's often a must to clear your mind completely to allow your brain to refresh itself and recalibrate all of its functions.But when you're tense,clearing your mind isn't so easy!Try this relaxation technique if you think your brain has seized up from information overload.
1.Set aside at least five minutes for quiet"clearing"time.If you're at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or find an empty room or quiet space.If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time.
2.Think of a time or place that puts you into a complete state of peace.This place will vary from person to person.Have you ever sat on the beach watching the waves come in and realized you've"zoned out"fora while?This is the sort of experience you're looking for.Other experiences that make us zone out could be:Sitting in the dark and staring at Christmas tree lights-remember how peaceful that feels?
3.Cover your eyes and go to your"place".If you are at school preparing for a test before class,you may simply rest your elbows on the desk and put your hands over your eyes.For some people,it may not be a good idea to put your head down.(You might fall asleep!)
Don't let any thoughts creep into your head.As soon as you start to think about a test problem,clear away the thought and concentrate on your peaceful place.
4.Snap out of it!Remember,this is not nap time.The point here is to refresh your brain.After five or ten minutes of clearing time,take a brisk walk or take a drink of water to re-energize your mind and body.Stay relaxed and resist the urge to think about the things that are stressing you out or clogging your brain.Don't let your brain go back to freeze-out.
Now go on with your test or study session refreshed and ready!
Title:How to clear your mind to stay relaxed? | |
Present situation | ●We are stuck in stress and worried about our personal lives,stopping our brains working(71)effectively. ●If you feel stressed,it's often(72)necessaryto clear your mind to leave your brain refreshed. |
(73)Approachesto clearing your mind | 1.Set aside at least five minutes for quiet"clearing"time. ●When at school,see if you can put your head down somewhere or stay in a quiet space. ●If necessary,set a watch (or phone) alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time. |
2.Think of a time or place allowing you to feel completely(74)peaceful. ●This place will vary from person to person. | |
3.(75)Coveryour eyes and go to your"place". ●When making(76)preparationsfor a test at school,you could cover your eyes with your hands to have a rest. ●If you put your head down,you will fall(77)asleep. ●Make sure not to be(78)disturbed/distractedby any thoughts and concentrate on your place. | |
4.Snap out of it! ●Clearing time does not(79)meannap time. ●Stay relaxed and avoid the things that made you stressed out. | |
Conclusion | It's time you(80)continuedyour test or study session refreshed and ready! |
A. | secure | B. | grasp | C. | purchase | D. | reserve |