题目内容
10.Almost every day I hear a friend-or a patient-talk about being"addicted"to something:chocolate,exercise,email,a TV show.Are these really addictions?No,if you follow the classic definition of addiction.Why?Let me explain:Addiction means being psychologically and physically dependent on something.However,a compulsion is just a strong desire to do something,which you find difficult to control.Though it can be serious,yet you won't get physically ill when you quit it.Take one of my patients Kate,who often spoke of her shoe addiction,as an example.She said she had many more shoes than she could use or afford,and she found it nearly impossible to pass up a pair that caught her eye.When she was stressed out,she bought shoes.When she felt sad,she bought shoes.If Kate forced herself not to buy shoes for a week or two,she didn't get physically ill.But she was rarely able to resist shoe shopping for much longer than that.
Many different causes are behind the phenomena.First of all,we think there is a genetic component,since compulsive behaviors seem to happen again in families.An imbalance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters (神经介质) may also be to blame.In addition,compulsions often go hand in hand with anxiety and depression.
How do you know when it has crossed the line?Ask yourself these questions:Are you busy planning and doing the behavior?For example,are you having trouble concentrating on work because you're spending time shopping online?Is the behavior negatively affecting one or more areas of your life?Have you tried your best to stop the behavior but couldn't?If your answers are"yes",you may be struggling with a compulsive behavior and need some help.
When you find yourself having a compulsive behavior,you should start by admitting that you have a problem and thinking about what is driving the behavior.And then try to interrupt or at least postpone the behavior.Changing the way you do it is also a good idea.For example,if you can't stop eating sweets every day,try having an apple every time you want that candy bar.Finally,if you feel you need more help,consider seeing a therapist (治疗专家),who will give you tools to change the actual behavior.
Addictions or compulsions? | |
Paragraph outlines | Supporting details |
(71)Differencesbetween additions and compulsions | ●When you are addicted to something,you (72)dependon it psychologically and physically,and you'll get physically ill when you give it up. ●A compulsion is a strong desire to do something,and you have (73)difficultycontrolling it. |
Kate's case | ●She was so fond of buying shoes that she always bought those shoes that (74)attracther,especially when she felt stressed or sad. ●However,if she forced herself to resist shoe shopping,she wouldn't get ill physically. |
(75)Reasonsof compulsions | ●A compulsion can be genetic or environmental. ●A person can suffer from compulsions when his brain lose (76)balanceof chemicals. |
Signs of compulsions | ●You're so busy doing the behavior that you fail to (77)concentrateon your work. ●You're experiencing the negative (78)effectof the behavior on your life. ●You can't stop the behavior. |
Treatments for compulsions | ●Admit your problem and try to know the roots of the behavior. ●Try to (79)interruptor at least postpone the behavior. ●Change the way you do the behavior. ●(80)Turningto a therapist for more help. |
分析 本文主要讲述强迫行为的原因,迹象和治疗.
解答 71 Differences 根据文章第一 段Addiction means being psychologically and physically dependent on something.However,a compulsion is just a strong desire to do something,which you find difficult to control. 可知第一段把上瘾和强制行为进行了比较.
72 depend 根据文章第一 段Addiction means being psychologically and physically dependent on something. 可知上瘾的意思是:在身心上依赖一些东西.
73 difficulty 根据文章第一 段However,a compulsion is just a strong desire to do something,which you find difficult to control. 可知强制行为是做某种事情的欲望,难以控制.
74 attract 根据文章第二 段and she found it nearly impossible to pass up a pair that caught her eye. 可知她发现难以抵抗漂亮的鞋的吸引.
75 Reasons 根据文章第三 段Many different causes are behind the phenomena. 可知这种现象后有很多不同的起因.
76 balance 根据文章第三 段An imbalance of chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters (神经介质) may also be to blame. 可知化学物质的不平衡也是强制行为的原因之一.
77 concentrate 根据文章第三 段 For example,are you having trouble concentrating on work because you're spending time shopping online?可知你是否在集中注意力方面有困难?
78 effect 根据文章第三 段Is the behavior negatively affecting one or more areas of your life?可知这种行为是否消极地影响了生活的其他方面?
79 interrupt 根据文章最后一段And then try to interrupt or at least postpone the behavior. 可知试图中断或者退出强制行为.
80 Turning 根据文章最后一段if you feel you need more help,consider seeing a therapist (治疗专家),可知如果你需要要帮助,考虑向治疗专家寻求帮助.
点评 在答题中,应分四步来答题:掌握文章大意,理清短文结构,分析表格结构,确定表格答案在原文中找出问题.在原文段落中,找出题干所包括的信息部分,这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息,确保答题的准确性.
At least 4,000 years ago,the anci ent Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year.In Egypt,the year started when the Nile River flooded,enriching farmers'fields.This happened at the end of September.
The Babylonians held a festival in the spring,on March 23,to kick off the next farming cycle.The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.
The date January 1 wa s picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC.The month of January originates from the Roman god,Janus.He is pictured with two heads.One head looks forward and the other back.They represent a break between the old and new.The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.
In Vietnam,the New Year holiday happens in February.They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house,following the Vietnamese custom.
Thailand has its specific New Year's date; it's different from the normal calendar.The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13.On this day,Thai people play with water,throwing it on each other.It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.
In China,the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历).On New Year's Eve,all family members sit together at table,enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings,chicken to bring good luck.
Title:New Year traditions all around the world
Countries | (66)Dates/Time | Origins(起源)or activities | Meanings or reasons |
Egypt | the end of September | the Nile River flood | make fields (67)rich |
Babylon | March 23 | holding a (68)festival/celebration | kick off the next farming cycle |
Rome | January 1 | Roman god,Janus | (69)representa break |
(70)Thailand | April 13 | (71)pouring/throwingwater onto each other's body | bring good luck |
Vietnam | (72)February | buying fresh flowers and a peach blossom | (73)followthe custom |
China | February | (74)enjoyingauspicious foods | bring good luck and (75)happinessto everyone |