题目内容
7．Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment．Children's relationships with peers（同龄人）strongly influence their success in school．And children with fewer friends are more at risk of drooping out of school．becoming depressed and other problems．Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play
When 6-year-old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie．"Though they were only separated by a weekend．Te girls ran right into each other's alms and hugged，"recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert．"It was like a scene from a movie．"
Most parents instinctively（本能地） know that having friends is good for their child Experts agree that friendship is not simply child's play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life．
A Skill for Life
"Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，"says Dr．Robbic Adler-Tapia．Psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center．
Researcher William Hartup states，"Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive（认知的） development．"Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior．But rather．How well a child gets along with other children．
The work of Arzona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental．
Good Friendships Don't Just Happen
Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high-quality friendships．But．Researchers warn．These friendships don't necessarily just happen．Often．A good friendship begins with involved parents．
Psychologist Dr Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading．
Bad Company
Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child's friendships．"When she was in its grade．Her supposed best friend began calling her names and threatening to hurt her．"Says Mindy Miller．"My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class．It really crushed her spirit．I told my daughter she didn't need a‘friend'like that．"
24．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate thatA．
A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth
B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems
C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life
D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend
25．The underlined word"detrimental"could be replaced byD．
A．aggressive B．disappointing C．ridiculous D．harmful
26．We can learn from the passage that high-quality friendship most probably results fromD．
A．social skills and good study habits
B．school grades and classroom behaviors
C．academic success and social adaptation
D．positive parental involvement and social skills
27．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr．Robbie Adler-Tapia agrees thatB．
A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens
B．it's wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships
C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations
D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can．
分析 文章介绍了童年时期的友谊对孩子的重要性，父母应该必要的参与帮助孩子建立健康的友谊．
解答 ADDB
24．A．推理判断题：从第三段的句子：Most parents instinctively （本能地） know that having friends is good for their child．可知举Rachel 和 Abbie的例子，可以说明童年时代的友谊有益于孩子的成长．选A．
25．D．词义猜测题：从划线词前面的句子：being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，保持友谊有益于孩子，可知缺乏友谊是有害的．选D．
26．D．细节理解题：从Good Friendships Don't Just Happen 这部分的内容，可知好的友谊是由于家长的参与和社交技能．选D．
27．B．推理判断题：从最后一段的句子："I'll bend over backwards to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，"可知Dr．Robbie Adler-Tapia 认为父母支持鼓励健康的同龄人的友谊的明智的．选B．
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
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17．
What's the book about？
In the 20stories of 20different U．S．presidents in this book，we learn that the country's leaders are not so different from us．They，too，were once kids with ordinary problems．They struggled with schoolwork and angered their parents．Bill Clinton struggled with his weight．Barack Obama moved to Indonesia with his mother when he was just a boy，and had to get used to a new culture．
How did the author make this book interesting？
David Stabler tells stories with an injection of humor．He tells the unfamiliar stories of the nation's leaders，uncovering the jazz stars，lifesavers，and goose-tamers among the presidents．
Who would like this book？
You don't have to be a fan of history to pick up this book．Those who enjoy reading about overcoming struggles，but still enjoy a good belly laugh，would like this book．Of course，if you hope to become a future leader of the world，I suggest you read this book cover to cover．
On a scale of 1to 10 （10being best），how would you rate this book？
I would rate this book a 10out of 10because it is a fantastic book．It has everything you could ask for：It's educational，funny，and even a little dramatic．Don't let the illustrations fool you．This book may appear to be for young readers only，but it is a read the whole family can enjoy．
21．When the American presidents were young，theyB．
A．showed their greatness
B．were as common as other kids
C．had trouble grasping a new culture
D．didn't do their homework at all
22．Who are most likely to be interested in the book？D
A．Kids who are good at English．
B．Kids who are sure to be great in the future．
C．Kids who can avoid hard struggles．
D．Kids who are eager to be a successful leader．
23．Suraj Modi thinks that the bookA．
A．is a perfect one for the young and the whole family
B．can sell pretty well in the market
C．costs people a large amount of money
D．can be used as a textbook at school．
| Kid Presidents：True Tales of Childhood from America's Presidents By David Stabler，illustrated by Doogie Horner DECEMBER 19，2014 Reviewed by Kid Reporter Suraj Modi Genre（体裁）：Historical non-fiction（纪实文学） Number of pages：224 |
In the 20stories of 20different U．S．presidents in this book，we learn that the country's leaders are not so different from us．They，too，were once kids with ordinary problems．They struggled with schoolwork and angered their parents．Bill Clinton struggled with his weight．Barack Obama moved to Indonesia with his mother when he was just a boy，and had to get used to a new culture．
How did the author make this book interesting？
David Stabler tells stories with an injection of humor．He tells the unfamiliar stories of the nation's leaders，uncovering the jazz stars，lifesavers，and goose-tamers among the presidents．
Who would like this book？
You don't have to be a fan of history to pick up this book．Those who enjoy reading about overcoming struggles，but still enjoy a good belly laugh，would like this book．Of course，if you hope to become a future leader of the world，I suggest you read this book cover to cover．
On a scale of 1to 10 （10being best），how would you rate this book？
I would rate this book a 10out of 10because it is a fantastic book．It has everything you could ask for：It's educational，funny，and even a little dramatic．Don't let the illustrations fool you．This book may appear to be for young readers only，but it is a read the whole family can enjoy．
21．When the American presidents were young，theyB．
A．showed their greatness
B．were as common as other kids
C．had trouble grasping a new culture
D．didn't do their homework at all
22．Who are most likely to be interested in the book？D
A．Kids who are good at English．
B．Kids who are sure to be great in the future．
C．Kids who can avoid hard struggles．
D．Kids who are eager to be a successful leader．
23．Suraj Modi thinks that the bookA．
A．is a perfect one for the young and the whole family
B．can sell pretty well in the market
C．costs people a large amount of money
D．can be used as a textbook at school．
18．-I can't tolerate the air pollution here anymore．
-________!We've never had so many chemical factories before．（ ）
-________!We've never had so many chemical factories before．（ ）
| A． | You said it | B． | Come off it | C． | You made it | D． | Cheer up |
2．
Why People Use Pseudonyms（艺名）You can't choose the name given at birth，but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood．Of course，most people never change their names even if they feel （31）J about them．However，some people do take this course of （32）A-particularly artists!What makes an artist want to change their name？Sometimes it's for purely （33）E reasons，such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile，Neftali Reyes．He didn't want his father to know he was writing poems，so he changed his name to Pablo Nenda when he was a young man．At other times the reason may appear （34）K； take the case of Portuguese poet Femando Pessoa，who wrote under 75different names．The reason？"When I use a different name，I always write in a different way，"he explained．In most cases，however，people do it for social，historical，political，or cultural reasons．Here are some of the most common：
The person's name is just too long and difficult to remember．Let's be honest，Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just （35）F"Madonna"．And short names are easier to remember．William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele．
Sometimes names are changed for marketing purpose．For example，if a name sounds too foreign，it may be changed to something that is more （36）I in a market．So in the film world，Ramon Estevez （37）C the name Martin Sheen．Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very attractive---Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton!
Artists sometimes choose the name of someone they admire．Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Bob Dylan because of his （38）Bfor the Welsh poet，Dylan Thomas．
Another reason may be （39）G：in the past，women found it very difficult to become a well-received writer．To avoid this situation，they sometimes gave themselves men's name，so the English author Mary Ann Evans consequently became George Eliot，and she did get her books （40）H!
| A．action B．admiration C．adopted D．changed E．personal F．plain G．practicality H．published I．recognized J．unhappy K．weird |
The person's name is just too long and difficult to remember．Let's be honest，Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as easy to remember as just （35）F"Madonna"．And short names are easier to remember．William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele．
Sometimes names are changed for marketing purpose．For example，if a name sounds too foreign，it may be changed to something that is more （36）I in a market．So in the film world，Ramon Estevez （37）C the name Martin Sheen．Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very attractive---Chad Everett does sound a lot better than Raymond Cramton!
Artists sometimes choose the name of someone they admire．Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Bob Dylan because of his （38）Bfor the Welsh poet，Dylan Thomas．
Another reason may be （39）G：in the past，women found it very difficult to become a well-received writer．To avoid this situation，they sometimes gave themselves men's name，so the English author Mary Ann Evans consequently became George Eliot，and she did get her books （40）H!