题目内容

3.已知函数f(x)=|x-1|+|x-a|.
(1)当a=2时,解不等式f(x)≥4;
(2)若不等式f(x)≥a恒成立,求实数a的取值范围.

分析 (1)当a=2时,由f(x)≥4得$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{x≤1}\\{3-2x≥4}\end{array}}\right.$或$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{1<x<2}\\{1≥4}\end{array}}\right.$或$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{x≥2}\\{2x-3≥4}\end{array}}\right.$,从而解得;
(2)由不等式的性质得f(x)≥|a-1|,从而化恒成立为|a-1|≥a,从而解得.

解答 解:(1)当a=2时,由f(x)≥4得,
|x-1|+|x-2|≥4,
即$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{x≤1}\\{3-2x≥4}\end{array}}\right.$或$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{1<x<2}\\{1≥4}\end{array}}\right.$或$\left\{{\begin{array}{l}{x≥2}\\{2x-3≥4}\end{array}}\right.$,
解得:$x≤-\frac{1}{2}$,或$x≥\frac{7}{2}$;
故原不等式的解集为$\left\{{x\left|{x≤-\frac{1}{2},}\right.}\right.$或$\left.{x≥\frac{7}{2}}\right\}$.
(2)由不等式的性质得:f(x)≥|a-1|,
要使不等式f(x)≥a恒成立,
则只要|a-1|≥a,
解得:$a≤\frac{1}{2}$,
所以实数a的取值范围为$({-∞,\frac{1}{2}}]$.

点评 本题考查了绝对值不等式的应用及恒成立问题的处理方法.

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