题目内容

9.学校食堂周一提供两种菜品,凡是在周一选A菜品的,下周一有20%选B,选B的下周一有30%改选A,用An,Bn,分别表示在第n个星期一选A,B人数.
(1)若矩阵$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n+1}}\\{{B}_{n+1}}\end{array}|$=M$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n}}\\{{B}_{n}}\end{array}|$,求矩阵M;
(2)求矩阵M的逆矩阵.

分析 (1)利用An+1=0.8An+0.3Bn、Bn+1=0.2An+0.7Bn,结合$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n+1}}\\{{B}_{n+1}}\end{array}|$=M$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n}}\\{{B}_{n}}\end{array}|$即得结论;
(2)利用矩阵的初等行变换计算即得结论.

解答 解:(1)根据题意可知:An+1=0.8An+0.3Bn
Bn+1=0.2An+0.7Bn
∵矩阵$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n+1}}\\{{B}_{n+1}}\end{array}|$=M$|\begin{array}{l}{{A}_{n}}\\{{B}_{n}}\end{array}|$,
∴矩阵M=$[\begin{array}{l}{0.8}&{0.3}\\{0.2}&{0.7}\end{array}]$;
(2)$[\begin{array}{l}{0.8}&{0.3}&{1}&{0}\\{0.2}&{0.7}&{0}&{1}\end{array}]$→$[\begin{array}{l}{1}&{\frac{3}{8}}&{\frac{5}{4}}&{0}\\{2}&{7}&{0}&{10}\end{array}]$→$[\begin{array}{l}{1}&{\frac{3}{8}}&{\frac{5}{4}}&{0}\\{0}&{\frac{25}{4}}&{-\frac{5}{2}}&{10}\end{array}]$→$[\begin{array}{l}{1}&{\frac{3}{8}}&{\frac{5}{4}}&{0}\\{0}&{1}&{-\frac{2}{5}}&{\frac{8}{5}}\end{array}]$→$[\begin{array}{l}{1}&{0}&{\frac{7}{5}}&{-\frac{3}{5}}\\{0}&{1}&{-\frac{2}{5}}&{\frac{8}{5}}\end{array}]$,
∴矩阵M的逆矩阵为:$[\begin{array}{l}{\frac{7}{5}}&{-\frac{3}{5}}\\{-\frac{2}{5}}&{\frac{8}{5}}\end{array}]$.

点评 本题是一道关于数列与矩阵的综合题,考查运算求解能力,注意解题方法的积累,属于中档题.

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