题目内容

f0(x)=x•ex,f1(x)=f′0(x),f2(x)=f′1(x),…,fn(x)=f′n-1(x)(n∈N+).
(1)请写出fn(x)的表达式(不需证明);
(2)求fn(x)的极小值;
(3)设gn(x)=-x2-2(n+1)x-8n+8,gn(x)的最大值为a,fn(x)的最小值为b,求a-b的最小值.
(1)由题意可得,f1(x)=(x+1)•exf2(x)=(x+2)•exf3(x)=(x+3)•ex,…,
猜测出fn(x)的表达式fn(x)=(x+n)•ex(n∈N*)
(2)由(1)可知,fn(x)=(x+n)•ex(n∈N*)
fn(x)=(x+n+1)•ex
令f′n(x)=0,解得x=-(n+1),
∵当x>-(n+1)时,f'n(x)>0,当x<-(n+1)时,f'n(x)<0,
∴当x=-(n+1)时,fn(x)取得极小值fn(-(n+1))=-e-(n+1)
即fn(x)的极小值为yn=-e-(n+1)(n∈N*)
(3)∵gn(x)=-x2-2(n+1)x-8n+8
∴当x=-(n+1)时,gn(x)取最大值,即a=gn(-(n+1))=(n-3)2
又∵b=fn(-(n+1))=-e-(n+1)
∴a-b=(n-3)2+e-(n+1)
问题转化为求cn=(n-3)2+e-(n+1)的最小值.
解法1(构造函数):
令h(x)=(x-3)2+e-(x+1)(x≥0),
则h'(x)=2(x-3)-e-(x+1),又h(x)在区间[0,+∞)上单调递增,
∴h'(x)≥h'(0)=-6-e-1
又∵h'(3)=-e-4<0,h'(4)=2-e-5>0,
∴存在x0∈(3,4)使得h'(x0)=0,
又h'(x)在区间[0,+∞)上单调递增,
∴0≤x<x0时,h'(x0)<0,当x>x0时,h'(x0)>0,
即h(x)在区间[x0,+∞)上单调递增,在区间[0,x0)上单调递减,
∴(h(x))min=h(x0).
又∵h(3)=e-4,h(4)=1+e-5,则h(4)>h(3),
∴当n=3时,a-b取得最小值e-4′
解法2(利用数列的单调性):
cn+1-cn=2n-5+
1
en+2
-
1
en+1

∴当n≥3时,2n-5≥1,
1
en+2
>0
1
en+1
<1

2n-5+
1
en+2
-
1
en+1
>0

∴cn+1>cn
c1=4+
1
e2
c2=1+
1
e3
c3=
1
e4
,c1>c2>c3
∴当n=3时,a-b取得最小值e-4
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