题目内容
梯形
中,
,
,
,如图①;现将其沿
折成如图②的几何体,使得
.
(Ⅰ)求直线
与平面
所成角的大小;(Ⅱ)求二面角
的余弦值.![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055495597146.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549247521.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549310923.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549372728.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549388577.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549403398.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549450538.png)
(Ⅰ)求直线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549497368.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549512461.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549528552.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055495597146.png)
解:(Ⅰ)由题意,![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055495751003.png)
,
.在
中,∵
,∴
,
∴
两两垂直,分别以
所在直线为
轴、
轴、
轴建立空间直角坐标系
(如图).![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550012869.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550090827.png)
设平面
的法向量为
,
,
,
,取![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550199556.png)
设直线
与平面
成的角为
,
则![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055505731690.png)
直线
与平面
成的角为![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550636687.png)
(Ⅱ)设平面
的法向量为
,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055507452635.png)
令
由(Ⅰ)知平面
的法向量为令
.
由图知二面角
为锐角,
∴二面角
大小的余弦值为
.
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055495751003.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549590460.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549622525.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549684527.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549715705.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549731513.png)
∴
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549746625.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549778623.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549840275.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549887309.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549918243.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549996519.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550012869.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550090827.png)
设平面
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549512461.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550121635.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550136793.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550168685.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055501831412.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550199556.png)
设直线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549497368.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549512461.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550542299.png)
则
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055505731690.png)
直线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549497368.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549512461.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550636687.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055506511075.png)
(Ⅱ)设平面
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550682439.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550698667.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055507291116.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055507452635.png)
令
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550760853.png)
由(Ⅰ)知平面
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549512461.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205550199556.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/201408232055509481544.png)
由图知二面角
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549528552.png)
∴二面角
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205549528552.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140823/20140823205551026419.png)
略
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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