题目内容

3.如图,矩形OABC在变换T的作用下变成了平行四边形OA′B′C′,变换T所对应的矩阵为M,矩阵N是把坐标平面上的点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标伸长到原来的3倍的变换所对应的矩阵.
(Ⅰ)求矩阵M,N;
(Ⅱ)直线l先在矩阵M,再在矩阵N所对应的线性变换作用下像的方程为x+y+1=0.求直线l的方程.

分析 (Ⅰ)设T$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=ax+by}\\{y′=cx+dy}\end{array}\right.$,由题意可得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{2a=0}{2c=2}}\\{\stackrel{2a+b=-1}{2c+d=3}}\end{array}\right.$解得a,b,c,d的值,即可求得矩阵M,N.
(Ⅱ)设直线l上任一点(x,y)依次在矩阵M,N即矩阵NM所对应的线性变换作用下对应点(x′,y′),可得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=-2y}\\{y′=3x+3y}\end{array}\right.$代入x′+y′+1=0即可得解.

解答 解:(Ⅰ)设T$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=ax+by}\\{y′=cx+dy}\end{array}\right.$,A(2,0)→A′(0,2),B′(2,1)→B′(-1,3),
∴$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{2a=0}{2c=2}}\\{\stackrel{2a+b=-1}{2c+d=3}}\end{array}\right.$解得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\stackrel{a=0}{b=-1}}\\{\stackrel{c=1}{d=1}}\end{array}\right.$,即有M=$(\begin{array}{l}{0}&{-1}\\{1}&{1}\end{array})$,N=$(\begin{array}{l}{2}&{0}\\{0}&{3}\end{array})$…4分
(Ⅱ)NM=$(\begin{array}{l}{2}&{0}\\{0}&{3}\end{array})(\begin{array}{l}{0}&{-1}\\{1}&{1}\end{array})(\begin{array}{l}{0}&{-2}\\{3}&{3}\end{array})$,
设直线l上任一点(x,y)依次在矩阵M,N即矩阵NM所对应的线性变换作用下对应点(x′,y′),
则$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=-2y}\\{y′=3x+3y}\end{array}\right.$代入x′+y′+1=0可得3x+y+1=0,
所以,直线l的方程是3x+y+1=0…7分

点评 本题考查了矩阵变换的性质,矩阵的乘法,属于中档题.

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