ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
1£®£¨1£©ÃÀ¹úÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§Ôº£¨MIT£©½üÄêÀ´Éè¼Æ³öþÌàҺ̬½ðÊôµç³Ø£¬Æ乤×÷ÔÀíÈçͼËùʾ£¬¸º¼«½ðÊôʧȥµç×Ó£¬²¢Í¨¹ýÍâµç·×ö¹¦£¬¶ø¸º¼«½ðÊôÀë×Ó»¯ºóͨ¹ýÈÛÑÎǨÒƵ½Õý¼«²¢ÓëÕý¼«½ðÊôºÏ½ð»¯£»³äµçÔòÖ´ÐÐÏà·´µÄ¹ý³Ì£®Ð´³öµç³Ø·ÅµçʱµÄÕý¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªMg2++2e-=Mg£®
£¨2£©ÎÒ¹úÌàµÄÔ̲ØÁ¿Õ¼ÊÀ½çµÚһ룬»ÔÌà¿ó£¨Sb2S3£©ÊÇÆäÖ÷Òª¿óÎijұ½ð¿ÎÌâ×é½øÐÐÈýÂÈ»¯ÌàË®ÈÜÒºµÄµç½âÑо¿£¬È»ºóÀûÓõç½â¹ý³ÌÖÐÑô¼«Éú³ÉµÄÎåÂÈ»¯Ìà×÷Ϊ½þ³ö¼Á£¬¶Ô»ÔÌà¿ó½øÐÐËáÐÔ½þ³ö£»´Ó¶øʵÏÖ½þ³ö-µç½âµÄ±Õ·ѻ·£¬½â¾öÁË´«Í³Á¶Ìà¹ý³ÌÖС°¹¤ÒµÈý·Ï¡±ÅÅ·ÅÁ¿´óµÄÎÊÌ⣮Á÷³ÌÈçͼ£º
¢Ùд³öÌàÔªËØÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÄλÖõÚÎåÖÜÆÚµÚVA×壮
¢Ú¡°¹¤ÒµÈý·Ï¡±Ö¸µÄÊÇ·ÏÆø¡¢·ÏË®£¨·ÏÒº£©¡¢·ÏÔü£®
¢Ûµç½â¹ý³ÌÖÐÑô¼«Ö÷ÒªÊÇSb3+±»Ñõ»¯³ÉSb5+£®Çëд³öÒõ¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Sb3++3e-=Sb£®
¢Ü¸ù¾ÝÁ÷³Ìͼд³ö¡°½þ³ö¡±²½Öè·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽSb2S3+3SbCl5=5SbCl3+3S£®
¢ÝÒÑÖª½þ³öÒºÖгýSb3+Í⣬»¹ÓÐCu2+¡¢Pb2+µÈÖؽðÊôÀë×Ó£¬ÆäÖÐc£¨Cu2+£©=1.6¡Á10-3mol•L-1£¬Ïò½þ³öÒºÖмÓÈëÁò»¯ÄÆÖÁÈÜÒºÖеÄCu2+¸ÕºÃÍêÈ«³Áµí£¬Ôòc£¨S2-£©=8¡Á10-40£®£¨ÒÑÖªKsp£¨CuS£©=8¡Á10-45 Ksp£¨PbS£©=3.4¡Á10-28£©
¢Þ»¹Ô³ýÉéµÄÔÀíÊÇ£ºÔÚ´óÓÚ4mol•L-1µÄHClÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÒÔ´ÎÁ×ËáÄÆ£¨Na3PO2£©×ö»¹Ô¼Á£¬±£³Ö΢·Ðζȣ¬Ê¹AsCl3±»»¹ÔΪ×ØÉ«µ¥ÖÊÉé³Áµí£¬ÇëÅäƽ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º2AsCl3+3Na3PO2+3HCl+3H2O=2As¡ý+3H3PO3+9NaCl£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©½ðÊôÀë×Ó»¯ºóͨ¹ýÈÛÑÎǨÒƵ½Õý¼«²¢ÓëÕý¼«½ðÊôºÏ½ð»¯£¬ËµÃ÷¸º¼«Ê§µç×ÓÉú³ÉµÄ½ðÊôÀë×ÓÔÚÕý¼«µÃµç×ÓÉú³É½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÌàÔªËØÊôÓÚµÚÎåÖÜÆÚµÚ¢õA×壻
¢Ú¹¤ÒµÈý·Ï°üÀ¨·ÏÆø¡¢·ÏË®£¨·ÏÒº£©¡¢·ÏÔü£»
¢Û´ÓÁ÷³ÌͼÖпÉÒÔ¿´³öÑô¼«²úÎïΪSbCl5£¬¶øµç½âÍê³Éºó²úÉú½ðÊôÌ࣬ӦΪSb3+Àë×ÓÔÚÒõ¼«µÃµç×ÓÉú³É£»
¢Ü¸ù¾ÝÁ÷³Ìͼ¿´³ö¡°½þ³ö¡±²½Öè»ÔÌà¿óÓëÑô¼«²úÎïSbCl5·´Ó¦²úÉú²»ÈÜÎSbCl5¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬Sb2S3¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬ÔÚ½þ³öÒºÖк¬ÓÐÁòµ¥ÖÊ£¬ËùÒÔÑõ»¯²úÎïÖÐÓÐÁò£»
¢ÝCu2+¸ÕºÃÍêÈ«³Áµíʱc£¨Cu2+£©=1¡Á10-5£¬¸ù¾ÝKsp£¨CuS£©=c£¨Cu2+£©¡Ác£¨S2-£©=8¡Á10-45¼ÆËã³öc£¨S2-£©£»
¢Þ¸Ã·´Ó¦ÖÐAsCl3ΪÑõ»¯¼Á£¬±»»¹ÔΪAsµ¥ÖÊ£»Na3PO2Ϊ»¹Ô¼Á£¬±»Ñõ»¯ÎªH3PO3£»HClÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÌṩËáÐÔ»·¾³£¬¸ù¾ÝµÃʧµç×ÓÊغãÅäƽ£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¸º¼«Ê§µç×ÓÉú³ÉµÄ½ðÊôÀë×ÓÔÚÕý¼«µÃµç×ÓÉú³É½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊ£¬¸º¼«½ðÊôΪþ£¬¹ÊÕý¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªMg2++2e-=Mg£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg2++2e-=Mg£»
£¨2£©¢ÙÌàÔªËØÊôÓÚµª×åÔªËØ£¬Î»ÓÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖеÚÎåÖÜÆÚµÚ¢õA×壻
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºµÚÎåÖÜÆÚµÚVA×壻
¢Ú¹¤ÒµÈý·Ï°üÀ¨·ÏÆø¡¢·ÏË®£¨·ÏÒº£©¡¢·ÏÔü£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ÏÆø¡¢·ÏË®£¨·ÏÒº£©¡¢·ÏÔü£»
¢Û´ÓÁ÷³ÌͼÖпÉÒÔ¿´³öÑô¼«²úÎïΪSbCl5£¬¶øµç½âÍê³Éºó²úÉú½ðÊôÌ࣬¹ÊÒõ¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªSb3++3e-=Sb£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºSb3++3e-=Sb£»
¢ÜÔÚ½þ³ö²½ÖèÖоßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔµÄSbCl5ºÍ¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔµÄSb2S3·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³É²»ÈÜÐÔµÄSµ¥ÖʺÍSbCl3£¬¹Ê·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪSb2S3+3SbCl5=5SbCl3+3S£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºSb2S3+3SbCl5=5SbCl3+3S£»
¢ÝCu2+¸ÕºÃÍêÈ«³Áµíʱc£¨Cu2+£©=1¡Á10-5£¬ÓÉKsp£¨CuS£©=c£¨Cu2+£©¡Ác£¨S2-£©£¬Öªc£¨S2-£©=$\frac{Ksp£¨CuS£©}{c£¨{S}^{2-}£©}$=$\frac{8¡Á1{0}^{-45}}{1¡Á1{0}^{-5}}$=8¡Á10-40£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º8¡Á10-40£»
¢Þ´ÎÁ×ËáÄÆ£¨Na3PO2£©×ö»¹Ô¼Á£¬±»Ñõ»¯ÎªH3PO3£¬PÔªËØÓÉ+1¼Û±äΪ+3¼Û£¬¼Û̬Éý¸ß2£»AsCl3±»»¹ÔΪAsµ¥ÖÊ£¬AsÔªËØÓÉ+3¼Û±äΪ0¼Û£¬¼Û̬½µµÍ3£¬ËùÒÔAsCl3ºÍNa3PO2ϵÊýΪ2£º3£¬¸ù¾ÝÔªËØÊغãÅäƽ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ2AsCl3+3Na3PO2+3HCl+3H2O=2As¡ý+3H3PO3+9NaCl£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£»3£»3£»3£»2£»3£»9£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÔµç³ØºÍµç½â³ØµÄ¹¤×÷ÔÀí¼°Ó¦Óã¬ÎïÖÊ·ÖÀëºÍÌá´¿µÄ·½·¨ºÍ»ù±¾²Ù×÷Ó¦ÓõÈÄÚÈÝ£¬¿´×¼Á÷³ÌͼÊǽâÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£®
A£® | µçÄÜת»¯Îª»¯Ñ§ÄÜ | B£® | µç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÊÇÏ¡ÁòËá | ||
C£® | µç×Óͨ¹ýÍâµç·´ÓÕý¼«Á÷Ïò¸º¼« | D£® | Zn×ö¸º¼«±»Ñõ»¯ |
A£® | ¹è¡¢¶þÑõ»¯¹è¡¢¹èËáÄÆÊǹ¤ÒµÉÏÖÆÔì¹âµ¼ÏËάµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÁÏ | |
B£® | ¸ÊÓͲ»ÊÇÓÍ£¬ÓÍÖ¬²»ÊÇõ¥ | |
C£® | úµÄÒº»¯¡¢Ê¯ÓÍ·ÖÁó¶¼ÊÇÎïÀí±ä»¯ | |
D£® | ·ÏÆúµÄËÜÁÏ¡¢½ðÊô¡¢Ö½ÖÆÆ·¼°²£Á§¶¼ÊÇ¿É»ØÊÕÔÙÀûÓõÄ×ÊÔ´ |
A£® | C+H2O=CO+H2£»¡÷H=+131.2KJ/mol | |
B£® | CO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©=C£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©£»¡÷H=-131.2KJ/mol | |
C£® | C£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©=CO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=+10.93KJ/mol | |
D£® | C£¨s£©+H2O£¨g£©=CO£¨g£©+H2£¨g£©£»¡÷H=-131.2KJ/mol |
A£® | 1£º1 | B£® | 1£º2 | C£® | 2£º1 | D£® | 3£º1 |
A£® | ÒÒÈ©ºÍÂÈÒÒÍé | B£® | ¼×È©ºÍ1-äå±ûÍé | C£® | ¼×È©ºÍ2-äå±ûÍé | D£® | ±ûͪºÍÒ»Âȼ×Íé |
A£® | ÅäÖÆÈÜÒº | B£® | ̼ËáÇâÄÆÊÜÈÈ·Ö½â | ||
C£® | ³ýÈ¥COÖеÄCO2 | D£® | ÖƱ¸ÊÕ¼¯¸ÉÔïµÄ°±Æø |
A£® | XÓëYÄÜÐγÉÁ½ÖÖ»¯ºÏÎµ«»¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐͲ»Ïàͬ | |
B£® | YÓëÇâÐγɻ¯ºÏÎïYH£¬·Ö×ÓÄÚ´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼ü | |
C£® | XÓëÇâ¿ÉÐγɻ¯ºÏÎïH2X2£¬·Ö×ÓÄÚ²¿´æÔÚ¼«ÐÔ¼üºÍ·Ç¼«ÐÔ¼ü | |
D£® | Y2X2ÖÐÒõ¡¢ÑôÀë×Ó¸öÊý±È1£º2 |