ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ

14£®ÈçͼÊÇÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£®±íÖÐËùÁеÄ×Öĸ·Ö±ð´ú±íÒ»ÖÖ»¯Ñ§ÔªËØ£®

ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÔªËØpµÄÔ­×ӵĵç×ÓÕ¼ÓÐ7ÖÖÄÜÁ¿²»Í¬µÄÔ­×Ó¹ìµÀ£®
£¨2£©e¡¢f¡¢g¡¢hËÄÖÖÔªËØÐγɵÄÀë×Ӱ뾶ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡Ë³ÐòΪO2-£¾F-£¾Na+£¾Mg2+£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·ûºÅ±íʾ£©
£¨3£©µ¥ÖÊdÓëµ¥ÖÊa·´Ó¦µÄ²úÎïµÄ·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÐÐÄÔ­×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÐÎʽΪsp3£¬¸Ã·Ö×ÓÊǼ«ÐÔ£¨Ìî¡°¼«ÐÔ¡±»ò¡°·Ç¼«ÐÔ¡±£©·Ö×Ó£®
£¨4£©hµÄµ¥ÖÊÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐȼÉÕ·¢³öÒ«Ñ۵İ׹⣬ÇëÓÃÔ­×ӽṹµÄ֪ʶ½âÊÍ·¢¹âµÄÔ­Òò£º»ù̬ԭ×ÓÖеç×Ó»ñµÃÄÜÁ¿Ô¾Ç¨µ½¼¤·¢Ì¬£¬µç×Ó´ÓÄÜÁ¿½Ï¸ßµÄ¹ìµÀԾǨµ½ÄÜÁ¦½ÏµÍµÄ¹ìµÀʱ£¬ÒԹ⣨×Ó£©µÄÐÎʽÊÍ·ÅÄÜÁ¿£®
£¨5£©o¡¢pÁ½ÔªËصIJ¿·ÖµçÀëÄÜÊý¾ÝÁÐÓÚÏÂ±í£º
ÔªËØOp
µçÀëÄÜ
/kJ•mol-1
I1717759
I215091561
I332482957
±È½ÏÁ½ÔªËصÄI2¡¢I3¿ÉÖª£¬Æø̬O2+ÔÙʧȥһ¸öµç×Ó±ÈÆø̬p2+ÔÙʧȥһ¸öµç×ÓÄÑ£®¶Ô´Ë£¬ÄãµÄ½âÊÍÊÇMn2+µÄÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3d5£¬ÊÇ°ëÂú״̬½ÏÎȶ¨£¬ÔÙʧµç×Ó½ÏÄÑ£»Fe2+Ϊ3d6£¬Ê§È¥Ò»¸öµç×ÓºóΪ°ë³äÂú״̬£¬Òò¶øÏà¶ÔÒ×ʧȥһ¸öµç×Ó£»
£¨6£©a¡¢d¡¢e¿ÉÒÔÐγÉÒ»ÖÖÑΣ¬´ËÑεÄ×é³ÉÖÐa¡¢d¡¢eÔªËصÄÔ­×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ4£º2£º3£¬´ËÑεĻ¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªNH4NO3£¬º¬ÓеĻ¯Ñ§¼üΪÀë×Ó¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Åäλ¼ü£®

·ÖÎö ÓÉÔªËØÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐλÖ㬿ÉÖªaΪH¡¢bΪLi¡¢cΪC¡¢dΪN¡¢eΪO¡¢fΪF¡¢gΪNa¡¢hΪMg¡¢iΪAl¡¢jΪSi¡¢kΪS¡¢lΪCl¡¢mΪAr¡¢nΪK¡¢oΪMn¡¢pΪFe£®
£¨1£©pΪFe£¬Ô­×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2£»
£¨2£©µç×Ó²ã½á¹¹Ïàͬ£¬ºËµçºÉÊýÔ½´óÀë×Ӱ뾶ԽС£¬µç×Ó²ãÔ½¶àÀë×Ӱ뾶Խ´ó£»
£¨3£©µ¥ÖÊdÓëµ¥ÖÊa·´Ó¦µÄ²úÎïΪNH3£»
£¨4£©µç×Ó´ÓÄÜÁ¿½Ï¸ßµÄ¹ìµÀԾǨµ½ÄÜÁ¦½ÏµÍµÄ¹ìµÀʱ£¬ÒԹ⣨×Ó£©µÄÐÎʽÊÍ·ÅÄÜÁ¿£»
£¨5£©Mn2+µÄ3d¹ìµÀµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª°ëÂú״̬½ÏÎȶ¨£»Fe2+Ϊ3d6£¬Ê§È¥Ò»¸öµç×ÓºóΪ°ë³äÂú״̬£»
£¨6£©×é³ÉÖÐH¡¢N¡¢OÔªËصÄÔ­×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ4£º2£º3µÄÑÎΪNH4NO3£®

½â´ð ½â£ºÓÉÔªËØÔÚÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐλÖ㬿ÉÖªaΪH¡¢bΪLi¡¢cΪC¡¢dΪN¡¢eΪO¡¢fΪF¡¢gΪNa¡¢hΪMg¡¢iΪAl¡¢jΪSi¡¢kΪS¡¢lΪCl¡¢mΪAr¡¢nΪK¡¢oΪMn¡¢pΪFe£®
£¨1£©pΪFe£¬Ô­×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2£¬ÓÐ7¸ö²»Í¬µÄÄܼ¶£¬¹Êµç×ÓÕ¼ÓÐ7ÖÖÄÜÁ¿²»Í¬µÄÔ­×Ó¹ìµÀ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º7£»
£¨2£©O2-¡¢F-¡¢Na+¡¢Mg2+Àë×Óµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹Ïàͬ£¬ºËµçºÉÊýÔ½´óÀë×Ӱ뾶ԽС£¬¹ÊÀë×Ӱ뾶£ºO2-£¾F-£¾Na+£¾Mg2+£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºO2-£¾F-£¾Na+£¾Mg2+£»
£¨3£©µ¥ÖÊdÓëµ¥ÖÊa·´Ó¦µÄ²úÎïΪNH3£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐNÔ­×Ó¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶ÔÊýΪ3+$\frac{5-1¡Á3}{2}$=4£¬¹ÊNÔ­×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp3¡¡ÔÓ»¯£¬ÎªÈý½Ç׶Ðνṹ£¬·Ö×ÓÖÐÕý¸ºµçºÉÖØÐIJ»Öغϣ¬ÊôÓÚ¼«ÐÔ·Ö×Ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp3£»¼«ÐÔ£»
£¨4£©Ngµ¥ÖÊÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖмÓÈÈ£¬»ù̬ԭ×ÓÖеç×Ó»ñµÃÄÜÁ¿Ô¾Ç¨µ½¼¤·¢Ì¬£¬µç×Ó´ÓÄÜÁ¿½Ï¸ßµÄ¹ìµÀԾǨµ½ÄÜÁ¦½ÏµÍµÄ¹ìµÀʱ£¬ÒԹ⣨×Ó£©µÄÐÎʽÊÍ·ÅÄÜÁ¿£¬·¢³öÒ«Ñ۵İ׹⣬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º»ù̬ԭ×ÓÖеç×Ó»ñµÃÄÜÁ¿Ô¾Ç¨µ½¼¤·¢Ì¬£¬µç×Ó´ÓÄÜÁ¿½Ï¸ßµÄ¹ìµÀԾǨµ½ÄÜÁ¦½ÏµÍµÄ¹ìµÀʱ£¬ÒԹ⣨×Ó£©µÄÐÎʽÊÍ·ÅÄÜÁ¿£»
£¨5£©ÃÌÔªËصÄÔ­×Óµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2£¬Mn2+µÄÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3d5£¬ÊÇ°ëÂú״̬½ÏÎȶ¨£¬ÔÙʧµç×Ó½ÏÄÑ£»¶øÌúµÄÔ­×Óµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2£¬Fe2+Ϊ3d6£¬Ê§È¥Ò»¸öµç×ÓºóΪ°ë³äÂú״̬£¬Òò¶øÏà¶ÔÒ×ʧȥһ¸öµç×Ó£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMn2+µÄÍâΧµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª3d5£¬ÊÇ°ëÂú״̬½ÏÎȶ¨£¬ÔÙʧµç×Ó½ÏÄÑ£»Fe2+Ϊ3d6£¬Ê§È¥Ò»¸öµç×ÓºóΪ°ë³äÂú״̬£¬Òò¶øÏà¶ÔÒ×ʧȥһ¸öµç×Ó£»
£¨6£©×é³ÉÖÐH¡¢N¡¢OÔªËصÄÔ­×Ó¸öÊý±ÈΪ4£º2£º3µÄÑÎΪNH4NO3£¬º¬ÓÐÀë×Ó¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Åäλ¼ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH4NO3£»Àë×Ó¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Åäλ¼ü£®

µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÊǶÔÎïÖʽṹµÄ¿¼²é£¬ÐèҪѧÉúÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±í½á¹¹¡¢ÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂÉ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬£¨4£©£¨5£©ÎªÒ×´íµã¡¢Äѵ㣬עÒâ´Ó½á¹¹ÉÏÀí½âԾǨ¡¢µçÀëÄÜÎÊÌ⣮

Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿

Î¥·¨ºÍ²»Á¼ÐÅÏ¢¾Ù±¨µç»°£º027-86699610 ¾Ù±¨ÓÊÏ䣺58377363@163.com

¾«Ó¢¼Ò½ÌÍø