ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
17£®ÑÇÁòËáÄÆ£¨Na2SO3£©¡¢Æ¯°×Òº£¨NaClO£©ºÍÃ÷·¯[KAl£¨SO4£©2•12H2O]¶¼ÊÇÖØÒªµÄ»¯¹¤²úÆ·£¬ÔÚÈÕ³£Éú»îºÍ¹¤ÒµÉú²úÖж¼Óй㷺ÓÃ;£¬ÇÒÈýÕ߶¼¿ÉÓÃÔÚÔìÖ½ÒµµÄ²»Í¬Éú²ú¹¤ÐòÖУ®£¨1£©NaClO×öÏû¶¾ÒºÊÇËüÄÜÓëË®·´Ó¦²úÉúÒ»ÖÖÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔÎïÖÊ£¬Ð´³öNaClOµÄµç×Óʽ£®ÔÚ¹¤ÒµÉÏ£¬ÓÃÂÈ»¯ÄÆΪÔÁÏ£¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÖУ¬Í¨¹ýµç½âµÄ·½·¨¿ÉÖƵÃNaClO£¬ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾÖÆÈ¡NaClOµÄµç½â×Ü·´Ó¦£ºCl-+H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$ClO-+H2¡ü£®½«µÈŨ¶ÈµÈÌå»ýµÄNaClOÓëNa2SO3ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Á½ÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬Ð´³ö»ìºÏ¹ý³ÌµÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽClO-+SO32-=Cl-+SO42-£®
£¨2£©½«±¥ºÍNaClOºÍKAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒº»ìºÏ£¬ÖÃÓÚÒ»Ö»´øµ¥¿×ÏðƤÈûµÄ´óÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬²úÉú´óÁ¿µÄ°×É«½º×´³Áµí£®´Ëʱ·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌΪ3ClO-+Al3++3H2O=3HClO+Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£®ÔÙ½«´óÊÔ¹ÜÖÃÓÚÑô¹âÏÂÕÕÉ䣬²»¾ÃÊÔ¹ÜÒºÃæÉÏ·½ÓÐdz»ÆÂÌÉ«ÆøÌå²úÉú£¬½«ÆøÌåͨÈëNaOHÈÜÒº³ä·ÖÎüÊպ󣬻¹ÄÜÊÕ¼¯µ½Ò»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÎÞζµÄÆøÌ壮д³öÔÚÑô¹âÕÕÉäÏ£¬»ìºÏÒºÖз´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ4HClO$\frac{\underline{\;¹âÕÕ\;}}{\;}$2H2O+2Cl2¡ü+O2¡ü£®Èô½«KAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒº»»³ÉÁòËáÑÇÌúï§ £¨NH4£©2SO4•FeSO4ÈÜÒººó£¬ÔÙÓëNaClOÈÜÒº»ìºÏ£¬¹Û²ìµ½´óÊÔ¹ÜÖÐÓкìºÖÉ«³Áµí²úÉú£¬Í¬Ê±ÈÜÒºÀïÏÖ»ÆÉ«£¬µ«Ã»ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£®´ËʱÊÔ¹ÜÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ3ClO-+6Fe2++3H2O=2Fe£¨OH£©3¡ý+4Fe3++3Cl-£®
£¨3£©È¡Ò»¶¨Ìå»ýKAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Å¨¶ÈµÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬Ö±ÖÁ²úÉú³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿×î´ó£¬Ð´³ö´ËʱµÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽAl3++2SO42-+2Ba2++4OH-¨T2BaSO4¡ý+AlO2-+2H2O£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©NaClOΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎ¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£»ÓÃÂÈ»¯ÄÆΪÔÁÏ£¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÖУ¬Í¨¹ýµç½âµÄ·½·¨¿ÉÖƵÃNaClO£¬Ñô¼«Éú³ÉNaClO£¬Òõ¼«Éú³ÉÇâÆø£»µÈŨ¶ÈµÈÌå»ýµÄNaClOÓëNa2SO3ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬Á½ÕßÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÁòËáÄƺÍÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£»
£¨2£©ÉÕÆ¿ÖмÓÈë±¥ºÍKAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒº£¬´ÎÂÈËá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ÂÁÀë×ÓË®½âÏÔËáÐÔ£¬»ìºÏºóË®½âÏ໥´Ù½ø£¬²úÉú´óÁ¿µÄ°×É«½º×´³ÁµíºÍ´ÎÂÈË᣻
´ÎÂÈËá·Ö½âÉú³ÉÂÈÆø¡¢ÑõÆøºÍË®µÄ·´Ó¦£»ÑÇÌúÀë×Ó¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬´ÎÂÈËá¸ùÀë×Ó¾ßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÔÚÈÜÒºÖз¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£»
£¨3£©È¡Ò»¶¨Ìå»ýKAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒºÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Å¨¶ÈµÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬Ö±ÖÁ²úÉú³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿×î´ó£¬´ËʱÉú³ÉÁòËá±µºÍÆ«ÂÁËá¼Ø£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©NaClOΪÀë×Ó»¯ºÏÎµç×ÓʽΪ£¬ÓÃÂÈ»¯ÄÆΪÔÁÏ£¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÖУ¬Í¨¹ýµç½âµÄ·½·¨¿ÉÖƵÃNaClO£¬Ñô¼«Éú³ÉNaClO£¬Òõ¼«Éú³ÉÇâÆø£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCl-+H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$ClO-+H2¡ü£»ClO-ÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬Äܹ»Ñõ»¯SO32-£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪClO-+SO32-=Cl-+SO42-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»Cl-+H2O$\frac{\underline{\;ͨµç\;}}{\;}$ClO-+H2¡ü£»ClO-+SO32-=Cl-+SO42-£»
£¨2£©´ÎÂÈËá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½âÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ÂÁÀë×ÓË®½âÏÔËáÐÔ£¬»ìºÏºóË®½âÏ໥´Ù½ø£¬²úÉú´óÁ¿µÄ°×É«½º×´³ÁµíºÍ´ÎÂÈËᣬ·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º3ClO-+Al3++3H2O=3HClO+Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£»½«ÉÕÆ¿ÖеĻìºÏÒºÔÚÑô¹âÕÕÉäÏ£¬²»¾ÃÉÕÆ¿ÖÐÓлÆÂÌÉ«ÆøÌå²úÉúΪÂÈÆø£¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó¼¯ÆøÆ¿ÖÐÊÕ¼¯µ½Ò»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÎÞζµÄÆøÌåΪÑõÆø£®ÒÀ¾ÝÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µç×ÓÊغãд³ö»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÅäƽµÃµ½£º4HClO$\frac{\underline{\;¹âÕÕ\;}}{\;}$2H2O+2Cl2¡ü+O2¡ü£»Èô½«·ÖҺ©¶·ÖеÄKAl£¨SO4£©2ÈÜÒº»»³ÉÁòËáÑÇÌú泥¨Ò»ÖÖ¸´ÑΣº£¨NH4£©2SO4•FeSO4£©ÈÜÒº£¬ÆäËû²»±ä£®´ò¿ª·ÖҺ©¶·»îÈûÏòÉÕÆ¿ÖеÎÈë×ãÁ¿µÄÁòËáÑÇÌúï§ÈÜÒº£®¹Û²ìµ½ÉÕÆ¿ÖÐÓкìºÖÉ«³Áµí²úÉú£¬µ«ÊÇûÓй۲쵽»ÆÂÌÉ«ÆøÌå²úÉú£¬ÑÇÌúÀë×Ó¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬´ÎÂÈËá¸ùÀë×Ó½ÌÓýÑõ»¯ÐÔÔÚÈÜÒºÖз¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º3ClO-+6Fe2++3H2O=2Fe£¨OH£©3¡ý+4Fe3++3Cl-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º3ClO-+Al3++3H2O=3HClO+Al£¨OH£©3¡ý£»4HClO$\frac{\underline{\;¹âÕÕ\;}}{\;}$2H2O+2Cl2¡ü+O2¡ü£»3ClO-+6Fe2++3H2O=2Fe£¨OH£©3¡ý+4Fe3++3Cl-£»
£¨3£©¼ÙÉèSO42-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª2mol£¬ÔòÃ÷·¯ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ2mol SO42-£¬1molAl3+£¬ÏòÃ÷·¯ÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÖÁÂÁÀë×ÓÍêÈ«³ÁµíʱÉú³É1molÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬1.5molÁòËá±µ£¬ÖÊÁ¿Îª1mol¡Á78g/mol+1.5mol¡Á233g/mol=427.5g£¬
SO42-¸ÕºÃ³ÁµíÍêȫʱ£¬ÐèÒª2molBa£¨OH£©2£¬¼´¼ÓÈëµÄBa2+Ϊ2mol£¬OH-Ϊ4mol£¬Éú³É2molBaSO4£¬1molAl3+Óë4molOH-·´Ó¦Éú³É1molAlO2-£¬³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª2mol¡Á233g/mol=466g£¬ÔòÈ«ÍêÉú³ÉÁòËᱵʱ³ÁµíÖÊÁ¿×î´ó£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪAl3++2SO42-+2Ba2++4OH-¨T2BaSO4¡ý+AlO2-+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl3++2SO42-+2Ba2++4OH-¨T2BaSO4¡ý+AlO2-+2H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é½ÏΪ×ۺϣ¬Éæ¼°µç½â¡¢Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéдÒÔ¼°¼ÆËãµÈÎÊÌ⣬Ϊ¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬²àÖØÓÚѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢¼ÆËãÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬×¢Òâ°ÑÎÕÓëÁ¿ÓйصÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | ¶Ï¿ª1 mol H-HµÄͬʱ¶Ï¿ª2 mol N-H | |
B£® | c£¨N2£©£ºc£¨H2£©£ºc£¨NH3£©=1£º3£º2 | |
C£® | N2ÓëH2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®ºÍÊÇNH3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿2±¶ | |
D£® | µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÀïÿÔö¼Ó1molN2£¬Í¬Ê±Ôö¼Ó3molH2 |
A£® | ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÊÂÏÈδºæ¸É | B£® | ¶¨ÈÝʱ¹Û²ìÒºÃæÑöÊÓ | ||
C£® | ¶¨ÈÝʱ¹Û²ìÒºÃ温ÊÓ | D£® | ¶¨ÈÝ£¬Ò¡ÔȺóÓÐÉÙÁ¿ÒºÌåÁ÷³ö |
A£® | ¶¨ÈÝʱ¸©ÊÓ¹Û²ìÒºÃæ | |
B£® | ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖÐÔÓÐÉÙÁ¿ÕôÁóË® | |
C£® | ÈܽâËùÓõÄÉÕ±¡¢²£Á§°ôδϴµÓ | |
D£® | תÒÆÈÜҺʱ²»É÷½«ÉÙÁ¿ÒºÌåÈ÷ÂäÔÚÍâ |
A£® | ±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂ2.24 L¼ºÍéÖУ¬·Ö×ÓÊýΪ0.1NA | |
B£® | 22.4 L Cl2º¬ÓÐCl-Cl¼üÊýΪNA | |
C£® | ³£Î³£Ñ¹ÏÂ16 g O2ºÍO3»ìºÏÆøÌåÖУ¬ÑõÔ×ÓÊýΪNA | |
D£® | 7.8 g Na2O2Óë×ãÁ¿Ë®·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵç×ÓÊýΪ0.2NA |