ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
4£®ÒÑÖª25¡æʱ²¿·ÖÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÊý¾ÝÈç±íËùʾ£º»¯Ñ§Ê½ | CH3COOH | H2CO3 | HClO | |
µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý | Ka=1.8¡Á10-5 | Ka1=4.3¡Á10-7 | Ka2=5.6¡Á10-11 | Ka=3.0¡Á10-8 |
£¨1£©ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol•L-1µÄËÄÖÖÈÜÒº£º
a£®CH3COONa b£®Na2CO3 c£®NaClO d£®NaHCO3
pHÓÉСµ½´óÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÊÇa£¼d£¼c£¼b£¨ÓñàºÅÌîд£©£®
£¨2£©³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol/LµÄCH3COOHÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÏÂÁбí´ïʽµÄÊý¾Ý±ä´óµÄÊÇBD£®
A£®c£¨H+£© B£®$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{3}COOH£©}$ C£®c£¨H+£©•c£¨OH-£© D£®$\frac{c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}$ E£®$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©•c£¨C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{3}COOH£©}$
£¨3£©Ìå»ý¾ùΪ100mL pH=2µÄCH3COOHÓëÒ»ÔªËáHX£¬¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖÐpHÓëÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÔòHXµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý´óÓÚ£¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©CH3COOHµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬ÀíÓÉÊǼÓˮϡÊÍÏàͬ±¶Êý£¬Ò»ÔªËáµÄpH±ä»¯Ô½´ó£¬ËáÐÔԽǿ£¬µçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÔ½´ó£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÈõËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÔ½´ó£¬ÆäËáÐÔԽǿ£¬ÆäËá¸ùµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½Èõ£»
£¨2£©0.1mol/LµÄCH3COOHÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÇâÀë×ÓÓë´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬´×Ëá·Ö×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õС£¬Å¨¶È¼õС£¬ËáÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý²»±ä£¬´×ËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý²»±ä£»
£¨3£©¾Ýͼ·ÖÎö£¬¼ÓˮϡÊ͵Ĺý³ÌÖУ¬HXµÄpH±ä»¯±È½Ï¿ì£¬ËµÃ÷HXµÄËáÐԱȴ×ËáÇ¿£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¾ÝµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý¿ÉÖª£¬ËáÐÔÓÉÇ¿µ½ÈõµÄ˳ÐòΪ£ºCH3COOH£¾H2CO3£¾HClO£¾HCO3-£¬ÈõËáµÄËáÐÔÔ½ÈõÆäËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÈÜÒº¼îÐÔԽǿ£¬ËùÒÔpHÓÉСµ½´óÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòÊÇa£¼d£¼c£¼b£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºa£¼d£¼c£¼b£»
£¨2£©0.1mol/LµÄCH3COOHÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÇâÀë×ÓÓë´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬Å¨¶È¼õС£¬ËáÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬A¡¢ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õС£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
B¡¢¼ÓˮϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÇâÀë×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ôö´ó£¬´×Ëá·Ö×ÓÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õС£¬ËùÒÔ$\frac{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}{c£¨C{H}_{3}COOH£©}$ Ôö´ó£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢Ë®µÄÀë×Ó»ý³£Êý²»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
D¡¢´×ËáÈÜÒº¼ÓˮϡÊÍʱËáÐÔ¼õÈõ£¬ÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È¼õСÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬ËùÒÔ$\frac{c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}$ Ôö´ó£¬¹ÊÕýÈ·£»
E¡¢´×ËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý²»±ä£¬¹Ê´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBD£»
£¨3£©¾Ýͼ·ÖÎö£¬¼ÓˮϡÊ͵Ĺý³ÌÖУ¬HXµÄpH±ä»¯±È½Ï¿ì£¬ËµÃ÷HXµÄËáÐԱȴ×ËáÇ¿£¬HXµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý±È´×Ëá´ó£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º´óÓÚ£»¼ÓˮϡÊÍÏàͬ±¶Êý£¬Ò»ÔªËáµÄpH±ä»¯Ô½´ó£¬ËáÐÔԽǿ£¬µçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÔ½´ó£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀ룬¸ù¾Ýƽºâ³£ÊýÈ·¶¨ËáÐÔÇ¿Èõ£¬´Ó¶øÈ·¶¨Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬×¢Òâ¼ÓˮϡÊÍʱ´Ó¸÷΢Á£µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿±ä»¯·ÖÎö£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
ÐòºÅ | ¼× | ÒÒ | ±û |
¢Ù | CO2 | SO2 | Ca£¨OH£©2 |
¢Ú | HCl | CO2 | Ca£¨OH£©2 |
¢Û | CO2 | SO3 | Ba£¨NO3£©2 |
¢Ü | NO2 | SO2 | BaCl2 |
¢Ý | CO2 | NH3 | CaCl2 |
¢Þ | O2 | NH3 | MgCl2 |
A£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ý | B£® | ¢Ù¢Û¢Ý¢Þ | C£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Ü¢Ý | D£® | È«²¿ |
A£® | CH3CH2CH2Cl | B£® | CH3CHBrCH£¨CH3£©CH2Br | ||
C£® | CH3CHBrCH2CH2Br | D£® | CH3CH2Br |
A£® | ¼×È©ÊǼ׻ù¸úÈ©»ùÏàÁ¬¶ø¹¹³ÉµÄ | |
B£® | ±¥ºÍһԪȩµÄͨʽ¿É¼òдΪRCOH | |
C£® | ÔÚÒø¾µ·´Ó¦ÖÐÒÒÈ©ÌåÏÖÁËÑõ»¯ÐÔ | |
D£® | ±¥ºÍÒ»ÔªÖ¬·¾È©µÄ·Ö×Ó×é³É·ûºÏͨʽCnH2nO |
A£® | 1mol•L-1µÄCa£¨ClO£©2ÈÜÒºÖк¬ClO-ÊýĿΪ2NA | |
B£® | º¬1molH2SO4µÄŨÁòËáºÍ×ãÁ¿µÄпÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ2NA | |
C£® | 1mol MgÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉMgOºÍMg3N2£¬Ê§È¥2NA¸öµç×Ó | |
D£® | ijÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Ê¢ÓÐ0.1molN2£¬0.3molH2£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ0.6NA |
A£® | 13CÓë15N¾ßÓÐÏàͬµÄÖÐ×ÓÊý | B£® | 13CÓëC60ÊÇͬһÖÖÎïÖÊ | ||
C£® | 15NÓë14N»¥ÎªÍ¬Î»ËØ | D£® | 15NµÄºËÍâµç×ÓÊýÓëÖÐ×ÓÊýÏàͬ |