ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
3£®ÊµÑéÊÒÖÆÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿äåÒÒÍéµÄ×°ÖÃÈçͼËùʾ£®¸ù¾ÝÌâÒâÍê³ÉÏÂÁÐÌî¿Õ£º£¨1£©Ô²µ×ÉÕÆ¿ÖмÓÈëµÄ·´Ó¦ÎïÊÇä廯ÄÆ¡¢ÒÒ´¼ºÍ1£º1µÄÁòËᣮÅäÖÆÌå»ý±È1£º1µÄÁòËáËùÓõÄÒÇÆ÷Ϊb¡¢d£¨Ñ¡Ìî±àºÅ£©£®
a£®Ììƽ b£®Á¿Í² c£®ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ d£®ÉÕ±
£¨2£©¼ÓÈÈʱÉÕÆ¿Öз¢ÉúµÄÖ÷Òª·´Ó¦µÄÁ½¸ö»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º
¢ÙNaBr+H2SO4=HBr+NaHSO4
¢ÚHBr+CH3CH2OH $\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$CH3CH2Br+H2O£®
£¨3£©½«Éú³ÉÎïµ¼ÈëÊ¢ÓбùË®»ìºÏÎïµÄÊÔ¹ÜAÖУ¬±ùË®»ìºÏÎïµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÀäÈ´¡¢Òº·âäåÒÒÍ飮
£¨4£©ÓÃŨÁòËá½øÐÐʵÑ飬ÈôÊÔ¹ÜAÖлñµÃµÄÓлúÎï³Ê×Ø»ÆÉ«£¬³ýÈ¥ÆäÖÐÔÓÖʵÄ×î¼Ñ·½·¨ÊÇd£¨Ñ¡Ìî±àºÅ£©£®a£®ÕôÁó b£®ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺϴµÓ c£®ÓÃËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼ÝÍÈ¡ d£®ÓÃÑÇÁòËáÄÆÈÜҺϴµÓ£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÒÇÆ÷µÄʹÓ÷½·¨ºÍʵÑéµÄÄ¿µÄÀ´Ñ¡ÔñËùÐèÒÇÆ÷£¬Á¿È¡Å¨ÁòËáÐèÁ¿Í²£¬Ï¡ÊÍÐèÉÕ±£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÎïÖʵÄÐÔÖʽøÐÐÊéд·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¬ä廯ÇâºÍÒÒ´¼ÄÜ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉäåÒÒÍéºÍË®£»
£¨3£©Éú³ÉÎïΪäåÒÒÍ飬äåÒÒÍéµÄ·ÐµãΪ38.4¡ãC£¬äåÒÒÍéÄÑÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÀäË®¿ÉÒÔ½«äåÒÒÍéÕôÆø±ä³ÉҺ̬äåÒÒÍ飻
£¨4£©¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦ÎïµÄÐÔÖʼ°Ñ¡ÏîÖи÷ÊÔ¼ÁÐÔÖʽøÐнâ´ð£¬Å¨ÁòËá¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÄÜÑõ»¯»¹ÔÐÔÆøÌåä廯ÇâΪäåµ¥Öʵ¼ÖÂÊÔ¹ÜAÖлñµÃµÄÓлúÎï³Ê×Ø»ÆÉ«£¬³ýÈ¥äåÒÒÍéÖеÄä壬²»ÄܳýÈ¥äåÒÒÍ飮
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©´ËʵÑéÁ¿È¡ÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýÒªÇó¾«È·¶È²»ÊǺܸߣ¬¿ÉÓÃÁ¿Í²Á¿È¡£¬ÅäÖÆÌå»ý±È1£º1µÄÁòËᣬϡÊÍŨÁòËáʱ£¬Å¨ÁòËáµÄÃܶȱÈË®´ó£¬Òª°ÑŨÁòËỺ»ºµØÑØÆ÷±Ú×¢ÈëË®ÖУ¬Í¬Ê±Óò£Á§°ô²»¶Ï½Á°è£¬ÒÔʹÈÈÁ¿¼°Ê±µØÀ©É¢£¬ËùÒÔ»¹ÐèÉÕ±¡¢²£Á§°ô£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºb¡¢d£»
£¨2£©Ò©Æ·»ìºÏºóÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏÂÉú³ÉHBr²¢ºÍÒÒ´¼·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºNaBr+H2SO4¨THBr+NaHSO4¡¢HBr+CH3CH2OH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$CH3CH2Br+H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHBr+CH3CH2OH $\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$CH3CH2Br+H2O£»
£¨3£©ÊÕ¼¯×°ÖÃËùÓõ¼Æø¹Ü½Ï³¤£¬¿ÉÒÔÆðµ½ÀäÈ´µÄ×÷Óã¬Éú³ÉµÄäåÒÒÍéºÍË®»¥²»ÏàÈÜ£¬²¢ÇÒäåÒÒÍéµÄÃܶȱÈË®´ó£¬ÔÚ±ùË®»ìºÏÎïµÄϲ㣬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÀäÈ´¡¢Òº·âäåÒÒÍ飻
£¨4£©ÊÔ¹ÜAÖлñµÃµÄÓлúÎï³Ê×Ø»ÆÉ«£¬ÊÇÓÉÓÚŨÁòËá¾ßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬½«HBrÑõ»¯ÎïBr2£¬ËùÒÔ²úÎïäåÒÒÍéÖлìÓе¥ÖÊä壬ÕôÁó²»ÄÜÍêÈ«³ýÈ¥ÔÓÖÊ£¬²¢ÇÒ²Ù×÷Âé·³£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÒ×ʹäåÒÒÍéË®½â£¬ËÄÂÈ»¯Ì¼»áÒýÈëеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬¶øÑÇÁòËáÄƺÍäå·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³ÉHBrºÍÁòËáÄÆ£¬Ò×ÓëäåÒÒÍé·ÖÀ룬ËùÒÔdÕýÈ·£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºd£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éäåÒÒÍéÖƱ¸¡¢Ìá´¿¡¢Óлú·´Ó¦µÈ֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕÏà¹ØÎïÖʵĻù±¾»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖʲ¢ÊìϤ¸Ã×°Öúͷ´Ó¦ÔÀíÊǽâ´ð±¾ÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬Æ½Ê±Ðë×¢Òâ»ýÀÛÏà¹Ø·´Ó¦ÖªÊ¶£¬±¾ÌâÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | Na2C03 | B£® | HCl | C£® | Na2S04 | D£® | KN03 |
CH3CH2CH2OH$¡ú_{H_{2}SO_{4}¡÷}^{Na_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}}$CH3CH2CH2CHO
·´Ó¦ÎïºÍ²úÎïµÄÏà¹ØÊý¾ÝÁбíÈçÏ£º
·Ðµã/¡æ | ÃܶÈ/g•cm-3 | Ë®ÖÐÈܽâÐÔ | |
Õý¶¡´¼ | 117.2 | 0.8109 | ΢ÈÜ |
Õý¶¡È© | 75.7 | 0.8017 | ΢ÈÜ |
½«6.0gNa2Cr2O7·ÅÈë100mLÉÕ±ÖУ¬¼Ó30mLË®Èܽ⣬ÔÙ»ºÂý¼ÓÈë5mLŨÁòËᣬ½«ËùµÃÈÜҺСÐÄתÒÆÖÁBÖУ®ÔÚAÖмÓÈë4.0gÕý¶¡´¼ºÍ¼¸Á£·Ðʯ£¬¼ÓÈÈ£®µ±ÓÐÕôÆû³öÏÖʱ£¬¿ªÊ¼µÎ¼ÓBÖÐÈÜÒº£®µÎ¼Ó¹ý³ÌÖб£³Ö·´Ó¦Î¶ÈΪ90¡«95¡æ£¬ÔÚEÖÐÊÕ¼¯90¡æÒÔÉϵÄÁó·Ö£®
½«Áó³öÎïµ¹Èë·ÖҺ©¶·ÖУ¬·Öȥˮ²ã£¬Óлú²ã¸ÉÔïºóÕôÁó£¬ÊÕ¼¯75¡«77¡æÁó·Ö£¬²úÁ¿2.0g£®»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÊµÑéÖУ¬ÄÜ·ñ½«Na2Cr2O7ÈÜÒº¼Óµ½Å¨ÁòËáÖУ¬ËµÃ÷ÀíÓɲ»ÄÜ£¬Å¨ÁòËáÈÜÓÚË®»á·Å³ö´óÁ¿ÈÈ£¬ÈÝÒ×½¦³öÉËÈË£®
£¨2£©¼ÓÈë·ÐʯµÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ·ÀÖ¹±©·Ð£®
£¨3£©ÉÏÊö×°ÖÃͼÖУ¬BÒÇÆ÷µÄÃû³ÆÊÇ·ÖҺ©¶·£¬DÒÇÆ÷µÄÃû³ÆÊÇÖ±ÐÎÀäÄý¹Ü£®
£¨4£©·´Ó¦Î¶ÈÓ¦±£³ÖÔÚ90¡«95¡æ£¬ÆäÔÒòÊDZ£Ö¤Õý¶¡È©¼°Ê±Õô³ö£¬Óֿɾ¡Á¿±ÜÃâÆä±»½øÒ»²½Ñõ»¯£®
£¨5£©Î¶ȼÆC1µÄ×÷ÓòâÁ¿ÉÕÆ¿Öз´Ó¦ÎïµÄζȣ¬C2µÄ×÷ÓòâÁ¿Áó·ÖµÄ·Ðµã£®
CH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{H_{2}SO_{4}£¨Å¨£©}$CH2=CH2
CH2=CH2+Br2¡úBrCH2CH2Br
¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚµÄÖ÷Òª¸±·´Ó¦ÓУºÒÒ´¼ÔÚŨÁòËáµÄ´æÔÚÏÂÔÚl40¡æÍÑË®Éú³ÉÒÒÃÑ£®ÓÃÉÙÁ¿µÄäåºÍ×ãÁ¿µÄÒÒ´¼ÖƱ¸1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍéµÄ×°Öü°ÓйØÊý¾ÝÁбíÈçÏ£º
ÒÒ´¼ | 1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍé | ÒÒÃÑ | |
״̬ | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå |
ÃܶÈ/g•cm-3 | 0.79 | 2.2 | 0.71 |
·Ðµã/¡æ | 78.5 | 132 | 34.6 |
ÈÛµã/¡æ | -l30 | 9 | -1l6 |
£¨1£©ÔÚ´ËÖƸ÷ʵÑéÖУ¬Òª¾¡¿ÉÄÜѸËٵذѷ´Ó¦Î¶ÈÌá¸ßµ½170¡æ×óÓÒ£¬Æä×îÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇB£¨ÌîÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏîÇ°µÄ×Öĸ£©
A£®Òý·¢·´Ó¦ B£®¼õÉÙ¸±²úÎï C£®·ÀÖ¹ÒÒ´¼»Ó·¢
£¨2£©ÔÚ×°ÖÃCÖÐÓ¦¼ÓÈëC£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇÎüÊÕ·´Ó¦ÖпÉÄÜÉú³ÉµÄËáÐÔÆøÌ壨ÌîÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏîÇ°µÄ×Öĸ£©
A£®±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒº B£®Å¨ÁòËá C£®ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº
£¨3£©ÅжÏ×°ÖÃDÖиÃÖƱ¸·´Ó¦ÒѾ½áÊøµÄ×î¼òµ¥·½·¨Êǹ۲ìäåË®ÑÕÉ«ÊÇ·ñÍʾ¡
£¨4£©½«1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍé´Ö²úÆ·ÖÃÓÚ·ÖҺ©¶·ÖмÓË®£¬Õñµ´ºó¾²Ö㬲úÎïÓ¦ÔÚϲ㣨Ìî¡°ÉÏ¡±»ò¡°Ï¡±£©
£¨5£©Èô²úÎïÖÐÓÐÉÙÁ¿¸±²úÎïÒÒÃÑ£¬³ýÈ¥ÒÒÃѵķ½·¨ÊÇÕôÁó£¨ÌîʵÑé²Ù×÷·½·¨£©