ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Í¨¹ý¶ÔúµÄ×ÛºÏÀûÓÿɵõ½½à¾»µÄȼÁϺͶàÖÖ»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£¬Ò²¿É¼õÉÙ»·¾³ÄØÎÛȾ¡£ÃºµÄ¼ä½ÓÒº»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×´¼¡£
£¨1£©ÒÑÖª£ºCH3OH¡¢H2µÄȼÉÕÈÈ£¨¡÷H£©·Ö±ðΪ£726.5kJ/mol¡¢£285.8kJ/mol£¬Ôò³£ÎÂÏÂCO2ºÍH2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCH3OHºÍH2OµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ____________¡£
£¨2£©Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬COºÍH2ºÏ³ÉCH3OH£ºCO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)¡£
¢ÙÔÚÌå»ýÒ»¶¨µÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öа´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1:2³äÈëCOºÍH2£¬²âµÃƽºâ»ìºÏÎïÖÐCH3OHµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýÔÚ²»Í¬Ñ¹Ç¿ÏÂËæζȵı仯ÈçͼËùʾ¡£
A¡¢B¡¢CÈýµãƽºâ³£ÊýKA¡¢KB¡¢KCµÄ´óС¹ØϵÊÇ___________£»Ñ¹Ç¿£ºP1____P2£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©
Äæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£ºvÄæ(A)______vÄæ(B)£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©
ÔÚCµã£¬COµÄת»¯ÂÊΪ__________£»
ÔÚCµã£¬ÈôÔÙ°´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1:2³äÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄCOºÍH2£¬µ±ÆäËüÌõ¼þ²»±ä£¬´ïµ½ÐµÄƽºâʱ£¬CH3OHµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý__________£¨Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±¡¢¡°¼õС¡±»ò¡°²»±ä¡±£©¡£
¢ÚÈôÔÚºãκãÈÝÌõ¼þÏ£¬Äܱíʾ¸Ã¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÓÐ__________¡£
A. »ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶȱ£³Ö²»±ä
B. »ìºÏÆøÌåµÄƽ¾ùÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿±£³Ö²»±ä
C. ÈÝÆ÷ÄÚµÄѹǿ±£³Ö²»±ä
D. µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÄÚÿÏûºÄ1molCOµÄͬʱ£¬Éú³É2molH2
E. CO¡¢H2¡¢CH3OHµÄŨ¶È±£³Ö²»±ä
F. CO¡¢H2¡¢CH3OHµÄŨ¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪ1:2:1
£¨3£©ÇâÁòËᡢ̼Ëá¾ùΪ¶þÔªÈõËᣬÆä³£ÎÂϵĵçÀë³£ÊýÈçÏÂ±í£º
H2CO3 | H2S | |
Ka1 | 4.4¡Á10£7 | 1.3¡Á10£7 |
Ka2 | 4.7¡Á10£11 | 7.1¡Á10£15 |
úµÄÆø»¯¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄÓк¦ÆøÌåH2S¿ÉÓÃ×ãÁ¿µÄNa2CO3ÈÜÒºÎüÊÕ£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ________£»³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol¡¤L£1NaHCO3ÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol¡¤L£1NaHSÈÜÒºµÄpHÏà±È£¬pH½ÏСµÄΪ______ÈÜÒº£¨Ìѧʽ£©¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿CO2(g)+3H2(g)=CH3OH(l)+H2O(l) ¡÷H=£130.9kJ¡¤mol£1KA£¾KB=KC£¾£¼75%Ôö´óBCDECO32£+H2S=HCO3£+HS£NaHCO3
¡¾½âÎö¡¿ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º±¾ÌâΪ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ÔÀí×ÛºÏÌ⣬É漰ȼÉÕÈȵĸÅÄî¡¢¸Ç˹¶¨ÂɺÍÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£¬»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÅжϡ¢Í¼Ïñ·ÖÎöºÍƽºâ¼ÆË㣬Èõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëºÍÑÎÀàµÄË®½âµÈ֪ʶ£¬½áºÏÏà¹Ø»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶½øÐзÖÎö¡£
½â´ð£º£¨1£©È¼ÉÕÈÈÊÇÖ¸1mol¿ÉȼÎïÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÎȶ¨µÄÑõ»¯Îïʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿¡£ÒÑÖª£ºCH3OH¡¢H2µÄȼÉÕÈÈ£¨¡÷H£©·Ö±ðΪ£726.5kJ/mol¡¢£285.8kJ/mol£¬ÔòÓУº¢ÙCH3OH£¨l£©+3/2O2£¨g£©=CO2£¨g£©+2 H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-726.5kJ/mol,¢ÚH2(g)+1/2O2(g)==H2O(l) ¡÷H=-285.8kJ/mol,¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£º¢Ú¡Á3-¢ÙµÃ³£ÎÂÏÂCO2ºÍH2·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCH3OHºÍH2OµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇCO2(g)+3H2(g)=CH3OH(l)+H2O(l) ¡÷H=£130.9kJ¡¤mol£1 ¡£
£¨2£©¢ÙÓ°Ïìƽºâ³£ÊýµÄÍâ½çÒòËØΪζȡ£·ÖÎöͼÏñÖªB¡¢CÁ½µãζÈÏàͬ£¬¹ÊKB=KC£»µ±ÆäËûÌõ¼þ²»±äʱ£¬Éý¸ßζȣ¬¼×´¼µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý¼õС£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬ÒòÉý¸ßζȣ¬Æ½ºâÏòÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦·½ÏòÒƶ¯£¬Ôò·´Ó¦£ºCO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)Ϊ·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬KA£¾KB£¬¹ÊA¡¢B¡¢CÈýµãƽºâ³£ÊýKA¡¢KB¡¢KCµÄ´óС¹ØϵÊÇKA£¾KB=KC £»·´Ó¦£ºCO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)ÕýÏòΪÆøÌåÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õСµÄ·´Ó¦£¬µ±ÆäËûÌõ¼þ²»±äʱ£¬Ôö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬¼×´¼µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýÔö´ó£»·ÖÎöͼÏñ֪ѹǿ£ºP1£¾P2£»Î¶ÈÔ½¸ß£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì£»Ñ¹Ç¿Ô½´ó£¬·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì£¬Î¶ȶԷ´Ó¦ËÙÂʵÄÓ°Ïì±ÈѹǿÏÔÖø£¬¹ÊÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£ºvÄæ(A)£¼vÄæ(B)£»·ÖÎöͼÏñÖªCµã¼×´¼µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ50%£¬¸ù¾ÝÌâÒâÉèÆðʼ¼ÓÈëCO¡¢H2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ1mol¡¢2mol£¬×ª»¯µÄCOµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªx£¬ÀûÓÃÈýÐÐʽ·ÖÎö¡£
CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)
Æðʼ£¨mol£©1 2 0
ת»¯£¨mol£©x 2x x
ƽºâ£¨mol£©1-x 2-2x x
ÔòÓÐx/(3-2x)¡Á100%=50%£¬½âµÃx=0.75mol£¬ÔòCOµÄת»¯ÂÊΪ0.75mol/1mol¡Á100%=75%£»ÔÚCµã£¬ÈôÔÙ°´ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±È1:2³äÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄCOºÍH2£¬Ï൱ÓÚÔö´óѹǿ£¬Æ½ºâÕýÏòÒƶ¯£¬´ïµ½ÐµÄƽºâʱ£¬CH3OHµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýÔö´ó¡£¢ÚA. ºãκãÈÝÌõ¼þÏ£¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿²»Ëæ·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐжø±ä»¯£¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶȲ»Ëæ·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐжø±ä»¯£¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶȱ£³Ö²»±ä£¬²»ÄÜ˵Ã÷·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬´íÎó£»B. Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐУ¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿±£³Ö²»±ä£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Öð½¥¼õС£¬¸ù¾ÝM=m/VÅжϻìºÏÆøÌåµÄƽ¾ùÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐв»¶Ï¼õС£¬µ±Æ½¾ùÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿²»±äʱ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬ÕýÈ·£»C. Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐУ¬»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Öð½¥¼õС£¬ÈÝÆ÷ÄÚµÄѹǿÖð½¥¼õС£¬µ±Ñ¹Ç¿±£³Ö²»±äʱ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬ÕýÈ·£»D. µ¥Î»Ê±¼äÄÚÿÏûºÄ1molCOµÄͬʱ£¬Éú³É2molH2£¬Õý¡¢Äæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÏàµÈ£¬·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬ÕýÈ·£»E. CO¡¢H2¡¢CH3OHµÄŨ¶È±£³Ö²»±ä£¬·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬£¬ÕýÈ·£»F. CO¡¢H2¡¢CH3OHµÄŨ¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪ1:2:1·´Ó¦²»Ò»¶¨ÎªÆ½ºâ״̬£¬´íÎó£»Ñ¡BCDE¡£
£¨3£©·ÖÎö±íÖÐÇâÁòËᡢ̼ËáµÄµçÀë³£ÊýÖªËáÐÔ£ºH2CO3£¾H2S£¾HCO3-£¾HS-¡£ÃºµÄÆø»¯¹ý³ÌÖвúÉúµÄÓк¦ÆøÌå¸ù¾ÝÇ¿ËáÖÆÈõËáÔÀíÖªH2SÓë×ãÁ¿µÄNa2CO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³É̼ËáÇâÄƺÍÁòÇ⻯ÄÆ£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪCO32£+H2S=HCO3£+HS££»×é³ÉÑεÄËá¸ù¶ÔÓ¦µÄËáÔ½Èõ£¬¸ÃÑεÄË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬ÏàͬŨ¶Èʱ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄ¼îÐÔԽǿ£¬pHÔ½´ó£¬¹Ê³£ÎÂÏ£¬0.1mol¡¤L£1NaHCO3ÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol¡¤L£1NaHSÈÜÒºµÄpHÏà±È£¬pH½ÏСµÄΪNaHCO3ÈÜÒº¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Ï±íÖÐa¡¢b¡¢c±íʾÏàÓ¦ÒÇÆ÷ÖмÓÈëµÄÊÔ¼Á£¬¿ÉÓÃÈçͼװÖÃÖÆÈ¡¡¢¾»»¯¡¢ÊÕ¼¯µÄÆøÌåÊÇ:
Ñ¡Ïî | ÆøÌå | a | b | c | |
A | NH3 | Ũ°±Ë® | Éúʯ»Ò | ¼îʯ»Ò | |
B | CO2 | ÑÎËá | ̼Ëá¸Æ | ±¥ºÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒº | |
C | NO | Ï¡ÏõËá | Íм | H2O | |
D | Cl2 | ŨÑÎËá | ¶þÑõ»¯ÃÌ | ±¥ºÍNaClÈÜÒº |
A. A B. B C. C D. D