ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
9£®ÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íÖТ÷A×åÔªËصĵ¥Öʼ°Æ仯ºÏÎïµÄÓÃ;¹ã·º£®£¨1£©Èý·ú»¯ä壨BrF3£©³£ÓÃÓÚºËȼÁÏÉú²úºÍºó´¦Àí£¬ÓöË®Á¢¼´·¢ÉúÈçÏ·´Ó¦£º
3BrF3+5H2O¡úHBrO3+Br2+9HF+O2£®¸Ã·´Ó¦ÖÐÑõ»¯¼ÁÓ뻹ԼÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º3£¬Ã¿Éú³É2.24LO2£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©×ªÒƵç×ÓÊýΪ0.6NA£®
£¨2£©ÔÚʳÑÎÖÐÌí¼ÓÉÙÁ¿µâËá¼Ø¿ÉÔ¤·Àȱµâ£®ÎªÁ˼ìÑéʳÑÎÖеĵâËá¼Ø£¬¿É¼ÓÈë´×ËáºÍµí·Û-µâ»¯¼ØÈÜÒº£®¿´µ½µÄÏÖÏóÊÇÈÜÒº±äÀ¶£¬ÏàÓ¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÊÇ5I-+IO3-+6CH3COOH=3I2+3H2O+6CH3COO-£®
Âȳ£ÓÃ×÷ÒûÓÃË®µÄɱ¾ú¼Á£¬ÇÒHClOµÄɱ¾úÄÜÁ¦±ÈClO-Ç¿£®25¡æʱÂÈÆø-ÂÈË®ÌåϵÖдæÔÚÒÔÏÂƽºâ¹Øϵ£º
Cl2£¨g£©?Cl2£¨aq£© ¢Ù
Cl2£¨aq£©+H2O?HClO+H++Cl- ¢Ú
HClO?H++ClO- ¢Û
ÆäÖÐCl2£¨aq£©¡¢HClOºÍClO-·Ö±ðÔÚÈýÕßÖÐËùÕ¼·ÖÊý£¨¦Á£©ËæpH±ä»¯µÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£®
£¨3£©Ð´³öÉÏÊöÌåϵÖÐÊôÓÚµçÀëƽºâµÄƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽ£ºKi=$\frac{[{H}^{+}]•[Cl{O}^{-}]}{[HClO]}$£¬ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª¸Ã³£ÊýֵΪ10-7.5£®
£¨4£©ÔÚ¸ÃÌåϵÖÐc£¨HClO£©+c£¨ClO-£©Ð¡ÓÚ c£¨H+£©-c£¨OH-£© £¨Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±»ò¡°µÈÓÚ¡±£©£®
£¨5£©ÓÃÂÈ´¦ÀíÒûÓÃˮʱ£¬Ïļ¾µÄɱ¾úЧ¹û±È¶¬¼¾²î£¨Ìî¡°ºÃ¡±»ò¡°²î¡±£©£¬ÇëÓÃÀÕÏÄÌØÁÐÔÀí½âÊÍζÈÉý¸ß£¬£¨Èܽ⣩ƽºâ ¢ÙÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬Cl2£¨aq£©Å¨¶È¼õÉÙ£¬Ê¹µÃ£¨»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ£©¢ÚÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬c£¨HClO£©¼õÉÙ£¬É±¾úЧ¹û±ä²î£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÔÚ·´Ó¦3BrF3+5H2O=HBrO3+Br2+O2+9HFÖУ¬µç×ÓתÒÆÇé¿öÈçÏ£º£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£»
£¨2£©µâ»¯¼ØºÍµâËá¼ØÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂÄÜ·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³Éµâ£¬µâÓöµí·Û±äÀ¶É«£»
£¨3£©ÉÏÊöÌåϵÖÐÊôÓÚµçÀëƽºâµÄÊÇHClO?H++ClO-£¬¾Ýͼ±íÊý¾Ý¼ÆË㣻
£¨4£©Èκεç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÖж¼´æÔÚµçºÉÊغ㣬¾ÝµçºÉÊغã·ÖÎö£»
£¨5£©ÆøÌåµÄÈܽâ¶ÈËæζȵÄÉý¸ß¶ø½µµÍ£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£¬£¨Èܽ⣩ƽºâ ¢ÙÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¾ÝÆäµç×ÓתÒÆÇé¿ö·ÖÎö£¬»¹Ô¼ÁΪH2OºÍBrF3£¬Ñõ»¯¼ÁΪBrF3£¬Ã¿Éú³É1molO2£¬ÓÐ2molH2OºÍ1molBrF3×÷»¹Ô¼Á£¬2molBrF3×÷Ñõ»¯¼Á£¬×ªÒƵç×Ó6mol£¬ËùÒÔÑõ»¯¼ÁºÍ»¹Ô¼ÁÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ2£º3£¬Éú³É2.24LÑõÆøתÒƵç×ÓÊýΪ0.6NA£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2£º3£»0.6NA£»
£¨2£©µâËá¼ØÔÚËáÐÔÌõ¼þϾßÓÐÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÓëKI·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦Éú³Éµ¥Öʵ⣬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ5I-+IO3-+6CH3COOH=3I2+3H2O+6CH3COO-£¬µí·ÛÓöµâ±äÀ¶É«£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÈÜÒº±äÀ¶£»5I-+IO3-+6CH3COOH=3I2+3H2O+6CH3COO-£»
£¨3£©ÉÏÊöÌåϵÖÐÊôÓÚµçÀëƽºâµÄÊÇHClO?H++ClO-£¬Æäƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪ£ºK=$\frac{[{H}^{+}]•[Cl{O}^{-}]}{[HClO]}$£¬ÔÚpH=7.5ʱ£¬c£¨ClO-£©Óëc£¨HClO£©ÏàµÈ£¬K=c£¨H+£©=10-7.5£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º$\frac{[{H}^{+}]•[Cl{O}^{-}]}{[HClO]}$£»10-7.5£»
£¨4£©ÌåϵÖдæÔÚµçºÉÊغãc£¨H+£©=c£¨Cl-£©+c£¨ClO-£©+c£¨OH-£©£¬¼´c£¨Cl-£©+c£¨ClO-£©=c£¨H+£©-c£¨OH-£©£¬ÔÚÂÈË®ÖÐHClÍêÈ«µçÀë¡¢HClO²¿·ÖµçÀ룬ËùÒÔc£¨HClO£©£¼c£¨Cl-£©£¬ËùÒÔc£¨HClO£©+c£¨ClO-£©£¼c£¨H+£©-c£¨OH-£©£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»
£¨5£©ÆøÌåµÄÈܽâ¶ÈËæζȵÄÉý¸ß¶ø½µµÍ£¬Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£¬£¨Èܽ⣩ƽºâ ¢ÙÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬Cl2£¨aq£©Å¨¶È¼õÉÙ£¬Ê¹µÃ£¨»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ£©¢ÚÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬c£¨HClO£© ¼õÉÙ£¬É±¾úЧ¹û±ä²î£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º²î£»Î¶ÈÉý¸ß£¬£¨Èܽ⣩ƽºâ ¢ÙÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬Cl2£¨aq£©Å¨¶È¼õÉÙ£¬Ê¹µÃ£¨»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ£©¢ÚÄæÏòÒƶ¯£¬c£¨HClO£© ¼õÉÙ£¬É±¾úЧ¹û±ä²î£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÖÐÑõ»¯¼Á»¹Ô¼ÁÅжϼ°¼ÆËã¡¢Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽÊéд¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý¼°¼ÆË㡢ƽºâÒƶ¯£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȽϴó£®
A£® | pH¾ùΪ4µÄH2SO4¡¢NH4ClÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ë®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈÏàͬ | |
B£® | µÈpHµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÓëNH3•H2O Ï¡ÊͺópHµÄ±ä»¯ÈçÓÒͼËùʾ£¬ÔòÇúÏßI±íʾµÄÊÇNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÏ¡ÊÍ | |
C£® | 1mol/LNa2CO3ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ£ºc£¨Na+£©=2c£¨CO32- £©+2c£¨HCO3-£© | |
D£® | ÏòijζȵݱˮÖÐͨÈëÑÎËᣬÔò°±Ë®µÄµçÀë³£ÊýÔö´ó |
A£® | 23gÓÉNO2ºÍN2O4×é³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖк¬ÓеĵªÔ×ÓÊýΪ0.5NA | |
B£® | 1.12LÒÒÏ©ÄÜÓ뺬0.05NA¸öäå·Ö×ÓµÄCCl4ÈÜҺǡºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ | |
C£® | 1L0.1mol•L-1Fe2£¨SO4£©3ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Fe3+µÄÊýĿΪ0.2NA | |
D£® | 7.8gNa2O2ÓëË®ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Ê±×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ0.2NA |
A£® | ¶ÆпÌúƤÔÚʳÑÎË®Öз¢ÉúÎöÇⸯʴ | |
B£® | µç½â³ØµÄÒõ¼«²ÄÁÏÒ»¶¨±ÈÑô¼«²ÄÁÏ»îÆà | |
C£® | ½«ÌúÆ÷ÓëµçÔ´Õý¼«ÏàÁ¬£¬¿ÉÔÚÆä±íÃæ¶Æп | |
D£® | Ôµç³ØµÄ¸º¼«ºÍµç½â³ØµÄÑô¼«¾ù·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦ |
A£® | תÒƵĵç×ÓÊýÊÇ0.1NA | B£® | ·´Ó¦ºóÒºÌåÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙ1.6g | ||
C£® | Éú³ÉµÄÆøÌåÖк¬ÓÐ0.8molÖÐ×Ó | D£® | Éú³ÉÆøÌåµÄÌå»ýÊÇ1.12L |
A£® | NO3-¡¢K+¡¢Cl-¡¢I- | B£® | NH4+¡¢Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢Ba2+ | ||
C£® | Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢HCO3-¡¢K+ | D£® | Mg2+¡¢Cl-¡¢SO42-¡¢Na+ |