ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÅðËᣨH3BO3£©ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚÈçÏ·´Ó¦£ºH3BO3£¨aq£©+H2O£¨1£©[B£¨OH£©4]-£¨aq£©+H+£¨aq£©¡£
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
»¯Ñ§Ê½ | µçÀë³£Êý£¨298K£© |
ÅðËá | K=5.7¡Á10-10 |
̼Ëá | K1=4.4¡Á10-7 K=4.7¡Á10-11 |
´×Ëá | K=1.75¡Á10-5 |
A£®½«Ò»µÎ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºµÎÈëÅðËáÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨Äܹ۲쵽ÓÐÆø ÅݲúÉú
B£®½«Ò»µÎ´×ËáÈÜÒºµÎÈë̼ËáÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨Äܹ۲쵽ÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú
C£®µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ̼ËáÈÜÒººÍÅðËáÈÜÒº±È½Ï£¬pH£ºÇ°Õß>ºóÕß
D£®µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒººÍ´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒº±È½Ï£¬pH£ºÇ°Õß>ºóÕß
D
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£ºÓɵçÀëƽºâ³£Êý¿ÉµÃËáÐÔ£ºCH3COOH>H2CO3>H3BO3>HCO3-£¬ËùÒÔ¼îÐÔ£ºCH3COO-<HCO3-<[B£¨OH£©4]-<CO32-¡£A¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÓëÅðËáÉú³É̼ËáÇâÄÆ£¬´íÎó£»B¡¢Ì¼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÓëÉÙÁ¿´×ËáÉú³É̼ËáÇâÄƺʹ×ËáÄÆ£¬´íÎó£»C¡¢Ì¼ËáµÄËáÐÔ´óÓÚÅðËᣬµÈŨ¶ÈµÄÁ½ÈÜÒº£¬ÅðËápH´ó£¬´íÎó£»D¡¢¼îÐÔ£ºCO32->CH3COO-£¬µÈŨ¶È´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒºÓë̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒº£¬Ì¼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºpH´ó£¬ÕýÈ·¡£
¿¼µã£º ÈÜÒºµÄËá¼îÐÔÓëpH ÑÎÀàµÄË®½â
ÏÂÁÐÓйØÎïÖÊŨ¶È¹ØϵµÄÃèÊöÖУ¬ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®25¡æʱ£¬NaBÈÜÒºµÄpH£½8£¬c(Na£«)£c(B£)£½9.9¡Á10£7mol¡¤L£1 |
B£®25¡æʱ£¬Ïò0.1mol¡¤L£1NH4HSO4ÈÜÒºÖеμÓNaOHÈÜÒºÖÁÖÐÐÔ£º c(Na£«)£¾c(NH4+)£¾c(SO42¡ª)£¾c(OH¡ª)£½c(H£«) |
C£®0.1mol¡¤L£1µÄNaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc(OH£)£«2c(CO32£)£½c(H+)£«c(H2CO3) |
D£®Í¬ÎÂÏ£¬pHÏàͬʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È£º |
ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®c(NH4+)ÏàµÈµÄ(NH4)2SO4¡¢(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2ºÍNH4ClÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÈÜÖÊŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵÊÇ£º c[(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2]£¼c[(NH4)2SO4]£¼c(NH4Cl) |
B£®Èô0.3 mol/L HYÈÜÒºÓë0.3 mol/L NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH=9£¬Ôò c(OH£)£c(HY)=c(H+)=1¡Á10£5mol/L |
C£®0.2mol¡¤L£1 HClÈÜÒºÓëµÈÌå»ý0.05 mol¡¤L£1 Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH=1 |
D£®NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc(H+)+c(H2CO3)=c(CO32£)+c(OH£) |
°Ñ0.2 mol?L£1CH3COOHÈÜÒºÓë0.1 mol?L£1 NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®c(CH3COO£)£¾c(Na+) |
B£®c(CH3COOH)£¾ c(CH3COO£) |
C£®c(CH3COOH)+ c(CH3COO£)=0.1mol?L£1 |
D£®¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿NaOH¹ÌÌ壬c(Na+)Ôö´ó¶øc(CH3COO£)¼õС |
³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÏÂÁÐÐðÊö´íÎóµÄÊÇ
A£®Ïò0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄ´×ËáÈÜÒºÖмÓË®»òͨÈëHClÆøÌ嶼ÄÜʹֵÔö´ó |
B£®0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄ´×ËáÄÆÈÜÒº20mLÓë0.1mol¡¤L-1ÑÎËá10mL»ìºÏºóÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÔòÓÐc(CH3COO£)£¾c(Cl£)£¾c(H£«)£¾c(CH3COOH) |
C£®pH=4µÄ´×ËáÓëpH=10µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºpH£¼7 |
D£®0.1mol¡¤L-1ijһԪËáHAÈÜÒºÖÐ=1¡Á10£8£¬Ôò¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc(H£«)£½1¡Á10£11mol/L |
¹ØÓÚ10mL0.1 mol.¡¤L-1µÄNH3 ? H2OÈÜÒº£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®25¡ãCʱ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºµÄ pH=11£¬Ôò Kb(NH3 ? H2O) = 1X10-6 mol.L-1 |
B£®ÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿CH3COONa¹ÌÌ壬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÖµ±äС |
C£®ÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë10mL 0.1 mol.L-1HC1£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС˳ÐòΪC(NH4+)>C(Cl-)>C(H+)>C(OH-) |
D£®ÏòÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë5mL0.1mol/LHC1£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶ÈÒ»¶¨·ûºÏ£ºc(NH4+)+c(H+)=c(Cl-)+c(OH-) |
³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ïò100mL0.01mol¡¤L-1 HAÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë0.02mol¡¤L-1MOHÈÜÒº£¬Í¼ÖÐËùʾµÄÇúÏß±íʾ»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯Çé¿ö£¨ÈÜÒºÌå»ý±ä»¯ÎðÂÔ²»¼Æ£©¡£ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÖУ¬²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®HAΪһԪǿËá |
B£®MOHΪһԪÈõ¼î |
C£®NµãË®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶ÈСÓÚKµãË®µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È |
D£®Kµã¶ÔÓ¦µÄpH=10£¬ÔòÓÐc (MOH)+ c(OH-)£c (H+)=0.005mol¡¤L-1 |
ÏÂÁлìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬¸÷Àë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ´óС˳Ðò²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©
A£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈCH3COOHºÍCH3COONaÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£ºc(CH3COO-) + c(CH3COOH)=2c(Na+) |
B£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈNa2CO3ºÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£º Àë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ´óС˳ÐòÊÇ: c (Na+)>c (HCO3-)> c(CO32£)>c(OH-)> c(H£«) |
C£®CH3COONaÈÜÒºÖÐc(OH-) = c(CH3COOH) +c(H+) |
D£®1 mol/L Na2CO3ÈÜÒº£ºc(OH£)£½c(HCO3£)£«c(H£«)£«c(H2CO3) |