题目内容
【题目】下表中列出了25 ℃、101 kPa时一些物质的燃烧热数据:
物质 | CH4(g) | CH3OCH3(g) | H2(g) | HC≡CH(g) |
燃烧热/(kJ·mol-1) | 890.3 | 1 453.0 | 285.8 | 1 299.6 |
已知:①1 mol液态水变为气态水要吸收44.0 kJ的热量;
②键能:C—H键 413.4 kJ·mol-1、H—H键 436.0 kJ·mol-1。
下列叙述错误的是
A. CH3OCH3(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) ΔH=-1 453.0 kJ·mol-1
B. C≡C键的键能为786.0 kJ·mol-1
C. 2CH4(g)+O2(g)=CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g) ΔH=-283.6 kJ·mol-1
D. H2O(g)=H2O(l) ΔH=-44.0 kJ·mol-1
【答案】B
【解析】
A项、根据表中信息可写出表示二甲醚燃烧热的热化学方程式:CH3OCH3(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) ΔH=-1 453.0 kJ·mol-1,故A正确;
B项、CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=-890.3 kJ/mol-1 ①,C2H2(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g)+H2O(l) ΔH=-1 299.6 kJ·mol-1 ②,H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O(l) ΔH=-285.8 kJ·mol-1 ③,根据盖斯定律,由②+③×3-①×2可得:C2H2(g)+3H2(g)=2CH4(g) ΔH=-376.4 kJ·mol-1,根据ΔH=反应物总键能-生成物总键能,可得C≡C键的键能+2×413.4 kJ·mol-1+3×436.0 kJ·mol-1-8×413.4 kJ·mol-1=-376.4 kJ·mol-1,则C≡C键的键能=796.0 kJ·mol-1,故B错误;
C项、CH4(g)+2O2(g)=CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=-890.3 kJ·mol-1 a,CH3OCH3(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(l) ΔH=-1 453.0 kJ·mol-1 b,H2O(l)=H2O(g) ΔH=+44.0 kJ·mol-1 c,根据盖斯定律,由a×2-b+c可得:2CH4(g)+O2(g)=CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g) ΔH=-283.6 kJ·mol-1,故C正确;
D项、H2O(g)=H2O(l) ΔH=-44.0 kJ·mol-1,故D正确。
故选B。