2、-ing形式的基本用法。

　　　 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.

　　　 (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.

　　　 (3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?

　　　 (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的，如果不是同时进行的，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.

　　　 (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

　　　 (6)作状语：①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语：Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：

38. ---- What do you think about English?　　　　　 ---- It's a difficult language _____.

A. speaking　　　　　 B. to be spoken　　　 C. to speak　　　　　 D. spoken

语法复习十二：非谓语动词(二)--动词-ing形式

(二)-ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。

37. I really don't know ____ .

　　 A. to swim　　　 B. how to swim　　 C. to swim how　　　 D. how swim

36. We all think it most foolish ______ this mistake.

A. for you making　　 B. of you to make　　 C. you to make　　　　 D. for you to make

35. He told her ______ there at once.

　　 A. get　　　　　　　　 B. gets　　　　　　　　 C. should get　　　　　 D. to get

34. We did not expect our offer _____ so quickly.

　　 A. rejected　　　　　　 B. to reject　　 .　　　 C. to be rejected　　　 D. rejecting

33. It ______ me two hours to find your new house.

　　 A. cost　　　　　　　 B. took　　　　　　　 C. spent　　　　　　 D. used

32. It's very foolish _____ it?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　 A. for you to say　 　　B. of you to say　　　 C. with you saying　　 D. in your saying

31. _____ is better to love than _____ .

　　 A. That, to be loved　 B. That, be loved　　　 C. It, be loved　　　 D. It, to be loved