14. advanced adj. 高等的；先进的；超前的
[举例]advanced studies高深的研究
have advanced ideas 有先进的思想
advanced experience 先进经验
[拓展] advance n. & v. 前进；推进；促进
[举例]recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展
The general advanced his troops at night. 将军夜里将部队向前推进。
Our troops have advanced two miles. 我们的部队已经前进了两英里。
[搭配]in advance ( of sth) (习语)预先；事先；事前
The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付。
It's impossible to know in advance what will happen.
预知未来发生的事是不可能的。
13. lead to prep. 引起；造成；导致(后接名词、代词或 -ing形式)
[举例] The accident led to many deaths. 那次事故使许多人死亡。
His carelessness led to his failure. 他的粗心大意导致了他的失败。
Sleeping late at night leads to his being late for work.
晚上睡晚了使他上班迟到。
[拓展] look forward to (盼望)；get used to (习惯于)；pay attention to (注意)；get down to (开始做某事)；stick to(坚持)等词组中to均为介词，其后接sth．或doing sth．
12. "no matter + 疑问连词 + 让步从句 + 主句” 的用法
[用法]no matter+ 疑问连词”用来引导让步状语从句；当主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
[举例] (1)No matter what the matter may be, do your best.
无论是什么事，尽你的能力去做吧。
(2)No matter how difficult the task may be, We must finish it on time.
无论任务有多艰巨，我们必须按时完成。
(3)No matter who comes, I'll not stay at home.
不管谁来．我都不呆在家里。
11. extra adj.额外的；特别的；另处的；adv．特别地；格外地；非常
[举例] They need some extra money.语)他们还需要一些钱。
He got extra pay for extra work.他由于加班而得到额外的报酬。
You've done a good deal of extra work recently.你最近大量加班。
Dinner costs 3 yuan, and wine is extra. 饭钱3元，酒钱另算。
The coffee is extra strong this morning. 今早的咖啡非常浓。
I have to be at the office extra early tomorrow morning.
我特地明天一大早上班。
He works extra hard. 他特别努力。
10. not．．．but．．．不是……而是……
[用法] not…but个连词词组，作 ”不是……而是……”解，连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折。
[举例](1) He is not English, but American.
他不是英国人，而是美国人。(连接两个表语)
(2) The servant can't read and write in English, but can speak English fluently.
这个仆人不能读英浯和写英语，但却能流利地说英语。(连接两个谓语)
(3) They need not money but farm labourers.
他们不需要钱，而需要劳动力。(连接两个宾语)
(4)Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.
不是学生而在老师希望去那儿。(连接两个主
[注意]”not…but”连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持-致。
[举例] Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there.
不是老师而是学生希望去那儿。
9．1atest adj．最近的；最新的(= recent)
[举例] (1)the latest news最新消息
(2)There were several clashes before this latest incident.
在这次事件发生之前有过几次冲突。
[搭配] at the latest(=no later than) 至迟，最晚
Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the 1atest．乘客至迟应在班机起飞前-小时办理登机手续。
[比较] latest／1ate／later／1ately
(1)late adj. & adv．晚、迟
(2)late adv．“以后；后来”，单独用或放于一段时间之后。
(3)lately adv．近来；不久前
[举例] (1)Because of the cold weather the crops are late this year.
因天气寒冷，今年的作物成熟很晚。
(2)It happened late last century in 1895, to be exact.
事情发生在上个世纪末一准确地说，在1895年。
(3)At first things went on well, but later we ran into trouble.
起初事情进展得很顺利，但后来我们遇到了麻烦。
(4)We've been doing a lot of gardening lately.
近来我们做了许多园艺工作。
8．depend on 取决于…, 随…而定
[举例](1)The time of departure depends on the weather.出发时间视天气而定。
(2)Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not．
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力工作。
[注意] depend on的这种用法不能用被动语态。
7. harm n. vt.
[用法](1)harm作名词指“(物质上或精神上的)害、伤害、害处”，经常构成短语
do... harm (伤害……，危害……，对……有害处)
(2)作及物动词为“伤害……，为害……，对……有害”。
[举例](1)I mean no harm. 我并无恶意。
(2)There's no harm in calling him. ．打电话对他并没有什么害处。
(3)Smoking does great harm to your health. 吸烟有害你的身体健康。
(4)I harmed my eyes by reading in dim light.
我在昏暗的灯光下看书伤害了眼睛。
[拓展]harm 的形容词为harmful (有害的), harmless(无害的), 可构成短语 be harmful /harmless to…“对……有害／无害”。
[举例](1)Too much rain is harmful to the crops. 降雨过多对农作物有害。
(2)These insects are harmless to the crops这些昆虫对农作物无害。
6. bring in
[用法](1)作“把……拿进来”(可分开用)
(2)(某人)赚人……；(资金等)生息；产生(利益)，获利。
[举例](1)Bring the washing in, it looks like rain.
把洗好的衣服收起来，好像要下雨了。
(2)More advanced machines have been brought in from abroad.
已从国外引进了更多的先进机器。
(3)He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job.
他的新工作使他每月多赚100美元。
5. go against 违背；不利于；反对
[举例](1)The game is going against them. 比赛情况对他们不利。
(2)Man can't go against nature. 人不能违背自然规律。
(3)She asked the criminal patiently why he would always go against law.
她耐心地询问罪犯为什么他总要违反法律。