13.The last sentence in para 5 “since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed” implies that ____.

A)this sentence contributes to the increase of the number of lymphocytes in your body

B)you would not realize that lymphocytes reproduce themselves rapidly but for th is sentence

C)because you read this sentence,a large number of lymphocytes have been consume d

D)the number of lymphocytes in your body is extremely large

12.What does the word “lymphocytes” mean?

A)Food soldiers.B)Flu virus.

C)White blood cells.D)Troublemakers.

11.What is the function of our immune system?

A)To take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients.

B)To prevent bacteria or germs from entering the body.

C)To destroy the troublemakers in order that they might not hurt the body.

D)To fight against T cells.

10.Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?

A)The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.

B)The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.

C)The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.

D)The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.

C

The immune system is the body’s defender.It identifies,tracks down,and destroys troublemakers before they can hurt the body.Those troublemakers may be,for example,bacteria from a cut or splinter,a measles germ,a cold bug,or even a cancer cell.

These invaders try to take over our tissues and feed off our bodies’ nutrients. If they succeed,we become sick or,sometimes,even die.It’s the job of our immune systems to destroy these invaders before they destroy us.

Say you picked up a flu virus(病毒) last week.Perhaps it entered your body through a cut,from a drinking glass,or from the air you breathe.Of course,you didn’t feel it,but the virus made its way into your bloodstream.As soon as it entered your body,it began to reproduce.Viruses have only one goal:to take over your cells.Once inside your body,viruses try to enter cells and disrupt their normal wor k.If left alone,these viruses would hurt so many cells that you would weaken,or worse,get a serious illness.

But this flu virus should not be so complacent as it seems to be.As it reproduces in your bloodstream,the virus is met by a certain kind of white blood cell,the lymphocytes.The lymphocytes are the foot soldiers that keep you alive.

The number of lymphocytes in your body is hard to imagine.Thousands of them could fit in the period at the end of this sentence.Your body holds about a trillion -that’s 1,000,000,000,000 of them,or about 3,000 in every drop of blood.Since you began reading this sentence,over 800,000 of them have been created and destroyed.

Some of these lymphocytes pass through a small walnut?sized organ called the thymus.The thymus is the base of the neck.Here,special hormones(荷尔蒙)turn lymphocytes into fighting cells,called T cells.

T cells have one terrific talent:They can tell the difference between friend and foe;what should be in our bodies and what shouldn’t.They do not affect the body ’s healthy cells.Yet they attack everything that is foreign to our bodies,such as germs, transplants, and even our own cells which have become abnormal,as in the case of cancer.

9.According to the passage,why was the Labour Party established in Britain?

A)Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.

B)Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.

C)Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.

D)Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.

8.What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?

A)These two parties originally believed in different religions.

B)These two parties were established under the influence of different religious believes.[ZK)]

C)The British King and the Parliament supported different religions becaused they were for the two?party system.

D)The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.

7.We can learn from what P.S Tregidgo once said that ____.

A)if there are parties in Britain,none of them will be strong enough to have con trol in the government

B)the more patients there are,the more likely it is that they will have the deci sive say in the government

C)the two party?system contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long ?lasting government

D)if there are only two parties in Britain,it will be easy for the government to control them

6.What does “it” stand for in the third line?

A)The two?party system.B)The state machine.

C)The Partiament.D)The capitalist state.　

5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A)The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.

B)Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.

C)Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.

D)International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.

B

There are two major parties in Britain today,the Conservative Party and the Labour Party,which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two-party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.In order to strengthen the state machine,the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another form since the 17th century. P.S.Tregidgo once said:“The more parties there are,the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others;but when there are only two,one of them is sure to have a majority o f seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government.”This may be the reason why the British have the two party system.

The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion,the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church. The non ?Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church,and their supporters were called by their opponents “Tories.”The Puritans were for Parliament and trade, and their supporters were called by the “Tories”“Whigs”.The Tories and the Whigs were in power by turns for a long time.In 1833,the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.From that time on,the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.The policies they put into effect were sometimes different, but they were both controlled by the rich.

The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.　

4.The author gives the two examples in paragraph 2 and 3 to show ____.

A)how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games

B)that spoktsmen have been more obedient than they used to be

C)that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship

D)that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games