Question

【题目】It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drinkin moderationcan actually lose weight.

A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, “Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.

BostonUniversity’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions likediabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.

The group says alcohol provides calories that are quicklyabsorbed into the body and arenot stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those ofother foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles ofdifferent types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including thepast tendency of participants to gain weight.

For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on aregular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years agosuggested that resveratrol白藜芦醇, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.

【1】The passage is mainly for those_________

A. who produce wine B. who go on a diet

C. who have a drinking habit D. who are eager to lose weight

【2】The underlined phrase“ in moderation” in the first paragraph means_________．

A. excitedly B. carefully

C. frequently D. properly

【3】What can we learn from the passage

A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.

B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.

C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.

D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.

【4】What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A. How to do some easy experiments.

B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.

C. How to make wine in a healthy way.

D. How to prove the finding mentioned above.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，酗酒的确会让人发胖，但适量饮酒并不会影响我们的健康，反而会有利于我们的健康。

【1】推理判断题。根据文章第一句It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet.可知新的研究发现一天喝一杯酒可能会形成一种新的饮食方式。可知文章是写给那些有饮酒习惯的人，告诉他们要有节制地饮酒。故C项正确。

【2】猜测词义题。根据本段最后一句“while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drinkin moderationcan actually lose weight.尽管酗酒的人的确发胖，但是…”其中的关键词“while尽管…”表示上下文的转折关系，所以后句中“in moderation”与heavy drinkers形成呼应。故该词意为“合理的”，指适量饮酒有利于减肥。故D项正确。

【3】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.”可知适量饮酒不会让人发胖。故C项正确。

【4】推理判断题。文章最后一句What’s more, a study three years agosuggested that resveratrol白藜芦醇, a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells提到白藜芦醇会消灭肥胖细胞。文章接下来应该证明这种酒为什么会有这样的效果。故D项正确。

本文【1、3、4】都考查了判断推理题，推理判断题在高考中占很大的比重，学生在此类题型中也失分最多。推理判断题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，弦外之音做出合理的推理和判断。

（一）、理解定义。判断是对已知的事实仔细评价之后做出的合理决定。推理是对事实的内涵所做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做的陈述。注意无论是判断还是推理都是以已知事实为依据。

（二）、推理题常见的提问形式。常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。或含有表推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。

（三）、具体策略

　　1.通过辨认细节的技巧，找到相关的事实或证据，对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，在此基础上再作决定。切记：推断是以文章提供的事实为依据，而不是凭空想象，更不是读者自己的意愿。

　　2.借助常识。在推理判断题中，我们平时积累的一些常识通常会派上用场。一篇关于通信发展史的阅读最为典型。A. The postal service has over the years become faster. B. The postal service has over the years become slower. 大家都应知道交通越来越发达，邮电业当然是faster. 此篇还涉及到有关发邮件的常识，如果同学们有这个common sense，就如鱼得水了。

　　3. 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。

　　4.词句段篇，相互交融。词的理解要放在句子里，句子的理解要靠段，段的理解也离不开篇。单独说floor谁都知道是什么意思，但…she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover，in her own handwriting…这个语境里是surprised的意思。因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话。此外，学生对一词多义或一些习语的积累也是很有必要的，这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了。