Question

【题目】阅读理解。

The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s prosperous societies, the distinction has become unclear because so many wants have been turned into needs．A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legal needs for the task．But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.

In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased．The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods．Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought (未被要求的) goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine，for example)should be a specialty goods in the United States.

People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.

Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices. quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision．Buying an automobile is often done this way.

Shopping goods fail into two classes：those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles．Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style and fashion will either take precedence(优先) over price, or they win not matter at all.

【1】It can be learned from the first paragraph that ________.

A．a writer needs a word processor

B．needs and wants can’t be separated clearly

C．the way to distinguish the products is unimportant

D．a computer is a need rather than a want

【2】The example of wine is used to illustrate that ________.

A．goods are classified differently in different counties

B．the type of a product is determined by its consumers

C．Frenchmen often drink but Americans sometimes do

D．one product may belong to many types

【3】Staples are items that ________.

A．are convenient to purchase

B．are purchased without enough thinking

C．people “want but don’t need”

D．people are in constant need of

【4】Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that ________.

A．consumers don’t care where to buy them

B．consumers spend much time searching for

C．meet similar needs of the consumers

D．can be found in nearly every shop

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

试题分析：文章介绍在当今物质繁荣的社会，需要和想要的东西之间的界限已经变得很模糊。商品也分为两类：一类是大体上被认为是一致的；一类是被认为不一致的。

【1】B 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句...the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs.可知，第一段主要是阐述“现在需要和想要不能被清楚地区分开来，因为有如此多的想要转变成了需要”，故选B。

【2】B 推理判断题。根据第二段中It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves.可知，商品的类型依赖于购物者如何考虑商品，而不是商品本身的特性。接下来文章就以“wine”为例来说明这个理论，故选B。

【3】D 细节理解题。根据第三段中Such regularly purchased items are called staples.可知，staples指的是人们经常购买的商品 ，D正确。

【4】C 推理判断题。根据第五段中Shopping goods fail into two classes: those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes.可知，该句中的item就是指第一句提到的shopping goods，即人们通常都需要的即人们对这类商品有相似的需求，故选C。

【名师点拨】

推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。比如第73小题，B 推理判断题。根据第二段中It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves.可知，商品的类型依赖于购物者如何考虑商品，而不是商品本身的特性。接下来文章就以“wine”为例来说明这个理论，故选B。