Question

Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.

This book is written for the intelligent student or lay (外行) person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of small devices; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician.

The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do.

It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are widespread in our culture.

We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions.

In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias (倾向), we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and , when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her.

This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.

We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldn’t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.

1.According to the passage, ‘scientific subculture’ means __________.

A. cultural groups that are formed by scientists.

B. people whose knowledge of science is very limited

C. the scientific community

D. people who make good contribution to science

2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because_______.

A. it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists.

B. science affects almost every aspect of our life.

C. scientists live in a specific subculture.

D. it is easier to understand general characteristics of science.

3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who __________.

A. are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science.

B. are good at producing various devices

C. work in a storehouse of dried facts

D. want to have a superficial understanding of science.

4.According to this passage, ______________.

A. English is a language full of sexual discrimination.

B. only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.

C. women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.

D. male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.

 

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

【解析】

试题分析：文章大意：这是一篇书的序言，作者用夹叙夹议的写作方法介绍了书的涉及面及其功能。

1.第一段Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation.可以推测出scientific subculture为科学社区即亚文化。故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第一段Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation.可知科学几乎影响到我们生活的各个方面。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段的This book is written for the intelligent student or lay (外行) person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of small devices; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician.可知这本书是写给对科学了解不多的大学生和普通人。故选A。

4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段可知科学界妇女增多是整个社会的趋势的组成部分。由于妇女在科学界的贡献，所以不能再用阳性名词或代词去指科学界。故选D。

考点：考查文化类短文阅读