题目内容
15.Sleep,as mysterious as it is vital for our wellbeing,is part of a person's daily physiological activity.Over the decades,researchers have proposed several mechanisms through which sleep helps us(41)C,but we still don't fully(42)Athe big picture.Now,two recently published studies come up with an interesting(43)B:we sleep to forget some of the things we learn during the day.We store memories in networks in our brains.Whenever we learn something new,we(44)Cnew connections between neurons(神经元),called synapses(突触).In 2003,two biologists proposed something very(45)D:during the day,we learn so much and develop so many synapses that things(46)Dget ourselves confused.
For starters,they showed that neurons can prune out(修剪)some synapses,at least in the lab.But they(47)Cthe same things happens every day,naturally,in our brains-probably during(48)B.
So they set up a painstaking experiment,in which an assistant scientist collected 6,920synapses from (49)A,both awake and sleeping.Then,they(50)Athe shape and size of all these synapses,learning that the synapses in sleeping mice were 18percent smaller than in awake ones.
After this,they designed a(51)Ctest for mice.They placed the animals in a room where they would get a mild electrical shock if they walked over one particular (52)Cof the floor.They injected(注射)some of them with a substance that had been proved to prevent the pruning of new synapses.The mice that experienced this were(53)Alikely to forget about the section and after a good night's sleep,they(54)Bto walk as usual,while mice that slept normally remembered better.
Then,they found that the pruning didn't strike every neuron.Some 20% were unchanged,likely well-established memories that shouldn't be tampered with(被窜改).In other words,we sleep to(55)A-but in a smart way.
| 41.A.release | B.remove | C.refresh | D.relieve |
| 42.A.understand | B.watch | C.enjoy | D.see |
| 43.A.draft | B.explanation | C.definition | D.tendency |
| 44.A.seize | B.perform | C.grow | D.accomplish |
| 45.A.abnormal | B.abundant | C.internal | D.interesting |
| 46.A.never | B.seldom | C.always | D.sometimes |
| 47.A.submitted | B.denied | C.suspected | D.associated |
| 48.A.workday | B.sleep | C.research | D.operation |
| 49.A.mice | B.scientists | C.assistants | D.brains |
| 50.A.determined | B.deposited | C.deduced | D.defined |
| 51.A.appetite | B.motivation | C.memory | D.growth |
| 52.A.synapses | B.room | C.section | D.avenue |
| 53.A.more | B.less | C.as | D.so |
| 54.A.managed | B.tended | C.hurried | D.prayed |
| 55.A.forget | B.remember | C.connect | D.experience |
分析 本文为社会生活类说明文,文章介绍了解释睡眠的一个有趣的研究:睡眠是为了遗忘;根据这种解释,我们在白天学到了那么多东西,构建了那么多突触,有时候把自己搞糊涂了.研究人员从老鼠身上找了6920个突触,这些老鼠有的醒着有的睡着.然后,他们弄清所有这些突触的形状和大小,发现睡着的老鼠身上的突触要比醒着的那些小18%.然后,他们为老鼠设计了一项记忆测试.接受过注射的老鼠更容易忘记电击区域,好好睡过一夜之后,它们还是会走到那个区域,而正常睡眠的老鼠则记得更清楚.他们发现:大约有20%的神经元不会改变,很可能牢固构建的记忆不会窜改.所以他们得出结论:我们睡着是为了遗忘--但是以一种聪明的方式遗忘.
解答 41-45 CABCD 46-50 DCBAA 51-55 CCABA
41.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.release 释放;B.remove 去除C.refresh 使恢复活力D.relieve减缓;根据语境,研究人员提出了几种睡眠有助于我们"重新充满活力"的机理,故选C.
42.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.understand 理解B.watch 观察C.enjoy欣赏 D.see 看,明白;根据句意,我们仍然不能充分"理解"睡眠的整体情况,故选A.
43.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用名词.A.draft草稿,草案B.explanation 解释C.definition 定义D.tendency 趋势,倾向;根据语境,最近的两项研究就睡眠提出了一个有趣的"解释",故答案是B.
44.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.seize抓住 B.perform表演,表现 C.grow 生长D.accomplish 完成;,增强;根据句意,无论何时学到新东西,我们"增强"神经元之间一种叫做"突触"的联结.故选C.
45.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用形容词.A.abnormal 不正常的B.abundant 丰富的C.internal 内在的D.interesting有趣的;根据第一段最后一句中的"an interesting explanation"推断,答案是D.
46.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用副词.A.never从不 B.seldom很少 C.always总是 D.sometimes有时;根据句意和常识可知,我们在白天学到了那么多东西,构建了那么多突触,"有时候"把自己搞糊涂了.故选D.
47.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.submitted提交;屈服 B.denied 否认C.suspected 怀疑D.associated 联系;研究人员认为上文的发现在日常生活中也会发生,即他们"怀疑"同样的事在日常生活中会发生,故选C.
48.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用名词.A.workday 工作日B.sleep睡眠 C.research 研究D.operation 手术;根据句意"而且很可能是在睡眠中发生."判断答案是B.
49.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用吗词.A.mice 老鼠B.scientists 科学家C.assistants 助手D.brains 大脑;根据语境和下一句中的sleeping mice可知,研究人员是在"老鼠"身上做实验,故选A.
50.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.determined决定,确定 B.deposited 寄存C.deduced 推论D.defined 下定义;根据句意,他们"确定"所有这些突触的形状和大小,了解到睡着的老鼠身上的突触要比醒着的那些小18%.故选A.
51.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用吗词.A.appetite胃口,兴趣 B.motivation 动机C.memory记忆 D.growth 生长;根据语境,他们设计的是"记忆"测试,故选C.
52.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用名词.A.synapses突触 B.room空间C.section部分,区域 D.avenue大道;根据语境,每当老鼠来到某个特定的"区域"就会遭遇电击,故选C.
53.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用副词.A.more更(多) B.less 更(少)C.as正如 D.so 如此的;more likely更可能;根据语境,注射了这种物质的老鼠"更可能"忘记,故选A.
54.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.managed设法做 B.tended 往往会C.hurried 匆忙D.prayed 祈祷;根据语境,因为忘记了,那些睡眠好的老鼠"往往会"像往常一样走,故选B.
55.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用动词.A.forget忘记 B.remember 记住C.connect 连接D.experience 经历;根据语境,本文介绍了一个有趣的研究:睡眠是为了"忘记",故选A.
点评 选词填空类完形旨在考查考生对英语词汇的把握和在语篇中的综合运用能力、阅读理解能力.解答此类题,首先要浏览所给词汇,对这些词汇的意义、词性有一个初步的了解,然后在通读全文,了解文章大意的基础上进行试填;答完后再通读一篇文章,确保语句通顺,语意连贯.
| A. | a little | B. | little | C. | few | D. | a few |
| A. | is harm to | B. | is harmful to | C. | does harmful to | D. | harm to |