题目内容
设n∈N*,不等式组
所表示的平面区域为Dn,把Dn内的整点(横、纵坐标均为整数的点)按其到原点的距离从近到远排列成点列:(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)
(1)求(xn,yn);
(2)设数列{an}满足a1=x1,an=
(
+
+…+
),(n≥2),求证:n≥2时,
-
=
;
(3)在(2)的条件下,比较(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)与4的大小.
|
(1)求(xn,yn);
(2)设数列{an}满足a1=x1,an=
| y | 2 n |
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| an+1 | ||
(n+1
|
| an | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
(3)在(2)的条件下,比较(1+
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 1 |
| an |
分析:(1)由-nx+2n>0及x>0得0<x<2,因为x∈N*,所以x=1,从而x=1与y=-nx+2n的交点为(1,n),即所以Dn内的整点(xn,yn)为(1,n)
(2)先化简为
=
+
+…+
,两式相减即可证得
(3)先猜想:n∈N*时,(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)<4,再利用(2)的结论可以证明.
(2)先化简为
| an |
| n2 |
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
(n-1
|
(3)先猜想:n∈N*时,(1+
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 1 |
| an |
解答:解:(1)由-nx+2n>0及x>0得0<x<2,因为x∈N*,所以x=1
又x=1与y=-nx+2n的交点为(1,n),所以Dn内的整点,按由近到远排列为:
(1,1),(1,2),…,(1,n)------------------(4分)
(2)证明:n≥2时,an=
(
+
+…+
)=n2(
+
+…+
)
所以
=
+
+…+
,
=
+
+…+
两式相减得:
-
=
------------------(9分)
(3)n=1时,1+
=2<4,n=2时,(1+
)(1+
)=
<4
可猜想:n∈N*时,(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)<4------------------(11分)
事实上n≥3时,由(2)知
=
所以(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)=
•
•
•…•
=
•
•[
•
•…•
]•(1+an)
=2•
•(
)2•(
)2•…•(
)2•(
)2•an+1
=
=2(
+
+
+…+
) …(13分)
<2[1+
+
+…+
]
=2(1+1-
+
-
+…+
-
)<4-----(15分)
又x=1与y=-nx+2n的交点为(1,n),所以Dn内的整点,按由近到远排列为:
(1,1),(1,2),…,(1,n)------------------(4分)
(2)证明:n≥2时,an=
| y | 2 n |
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
(n-1
|
所以
| an |
| n2 |
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
(n-1
|
| an+1 |
| (n+1)2 |
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
两式相减得:
| an+1 | ||
(n+1
|
| an | ||
|
| 1 | ||
|
(3)n=1时,1+
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 5 |
| 2 |
可猜想:n∈N*时,(1+
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 1 |
| an |
事实上n≥3时,由(2)知
| 1+an | ||
|
| n2 | ||
(n+1
|
所以(1+
| 1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 1 |
| an |
| 1+a1 |
| a1 |
| 1+a2 |
| a2 |
| 1+a3 |
| a3 |
| 1+an |
| an |
=
| 1+a1 |
| a1 |
| 1 |
| a2 |
| 1+a2 |
| a3 |
| 1+a3 |
| a4 |
| 1+an-1 |
| an |
=2•
| 1 |
| 4 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| n-1 |
| n |
| n |
| n+1 |
=
| 2an+1 |
| (n+1)2 |
| 1 |
| 12 |
| 1 |
| 22 |
| 1 |
| 32 |
| 1 |
| n2 |
<2[1+
| 1 |
| 1×2 |
| 1 |
| 2×3 |
| 1 |
| (n-1)×n |
=2(1+1-
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 1 |
| 3 |
| 1 |
| n-1 |
| 1 |
| n |
点评:本题以线性规划为载体,考查数列、不等式的证明,应注意充分挖掘题目的条件,合理转化
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