ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
11£®ÊÒÎÂÏ£¬½«0.4mol/L HAÈÜÒººÍ0.2mol/LNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¨ºöÂÔ»ìºÏʱÈÜÒºÌå»ýµÄ±ä»¯£©²âµÃ»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH=5£¬ÔòÏÂÁÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©| A£® | »ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©=1¡Á10-5mol/L | |
| B£® | c£¨A-£©+c£¨HA£©=2c £¨Na+£©=0.4 mol/L | |
| C£® | HAÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$ÓëÉÏÊö»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$ÏàµÈ | |
| D£® | c£¨A-£©-c£¨HA£©=2 c £¨H+£©-c £¨OH-£© |
·ÖÎö ½«0.4mol/L HAÈÜÒººÍ0.2mol/LNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪµÈÁ¿µÄNaA¡¢HA£¬²âµÃ»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH=5£¬HAµçÀë´óÓÚNaAË®½â£¬
A£®µçÀëÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÒÖÖÆË®µÄµçÀ룻
B£®»ìºÏºóÌå»ý±äΪÔÀ´µÄ2±¶£¬½áºÏÎïÁÏÊØºã·ÖÎö£»
C.$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$=$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•\frac{Kw}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}}$=$\frac{Ka}{Kw}$£»
D£®ÓÉÎïÁÏÊØºã¿ÉÖª£¬c£¨A-£©+c£¨HA£©=2c £¨Na+£©£¬ÓɵçºÉÊØºã¿ÉÖª£¬c£¨A-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c £¨H+£©+c £¨Na+£©£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºA£®µçÀëÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÒÖÖÆË®µÄµçÀ룬Ôò»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©=$\frac{1{0}^{-14}}{1{0}^{-5}}$=1¡Á10-9mol/L£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®ÓÉÌå»ý¼°ÎïÁÏÊØºã¿ÉÖªc£¨A-£©+c£¨HA£©=2c £¨Na+£©=$\frac{0.4mol/L¡ÁV}{2V}$=0.2 mol/L£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C.$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$=$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•\frac{Kw}{c£¨{H}^{+}£©}}$=$\frac{Ka}{Kw}$£¬Ka¡¢Kw¾ùÓëζÈÓйأ¬ÔòHAÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$ÓëÉÏÊö»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐ$\frac{c£¨{A}^{-}£©}{c£¨HA£©•c£¨O{H}^{-}£©}$ÏàµÈ£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÓÉÎïÁÏÊØºã¿ÉÖª£¬c£¨A-£©+c£¨HA£©=2c £¨Na+£©£¬ÓɵçºÉÊØºã¿ÉÖª£¬c£¨A-£©+c£¨OH-£©=c £¨H+£©+c £¨Na+£©£¬Ôò2c£¨OH-£©=2 c £¨H+£©+c£¨HA£©£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡C£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éËá¼î»ìºÏµÄ¶¨ÐÔÅжϣ¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬°ÑÎÕÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊ¡¢µçºÉ¼°ÎïÁÏÊØºãΪ½â´ð±¾Ìâ¹Ø¼ü£¬²àÖØ·ÖÎöÓëÓ¦ÓÃÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬×¢ÒâÑ¡ÏîCΪ½â´ðµÄÄѵ㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
²½ÖèÒ»£º³ÆÈ¡5.0gÈý²ÝËáºÏÌúËá¼Ø¾§Ì壬ÅäÖÆ³É250mLÈÜÒº£®
²½Öè¶þ£ºÈ¡ËùÅäÈÜÒº25.00mLÓÚ×¶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬¼ÓH2SO4Ëữ£¬µÎ¼ÓKMnO4ÈÜÒº£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦
2MnO4-+16H++5C2O42-=2Mn2++10CO2¡ü+8H2O£¨Mn2+ÊÓΪÎÞÉ«£©£®Ïò·´Ó¦ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëп·Û£¬
¼ÓÈÈÖÁ»ÆÉ«¸ÕºÃÏûʧ£¬¹ýÂ˲¢Ï´µÓ£¬½«¹ýÂ˼°Ï´µÓËùµÃÈÜÒºÊÕ¼¯µ½×¶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬´ËʱÈÜÒºÈÔ³ÊËáÐÔ£®
²½ÖèÈý£ºÓÃ0.010mol/L KMnO4ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨²½Öè¶þËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÁÖյ㣬µÎ¶¨ÖÐMnO4-±»»¹Ô³ÉMn2+£®ÏûºÄKMnO4ÈÜÒºÌå»ýÈç±íËùʾ£º
| µÎ¶¨´ÎÊý | µÎ¶¨Æðʼ¶ÁÊý£¨mL£© | µÎ¶¨ÖÕµã¶ÁÊý£¨mL£© |
| µÚÒ»´Î | 1.08 | ¼ûÓÒͼ |
| µÚ¶þ´Î | 2.02 | 24.52 |
| µÚÈý´Î | 1.00 | 20.98 |
£¨2£©¼ÓÈëп·ÛµÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«Fe3+Ç¡ºÃ»¹Ô³ÉFe2+£¬Ê¹Fe2+ÔÚ²½ÖèÈýÖÐÓëKMnO4·¢ÉúÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£®
£¨3£©Ð´³ö²½ÖèÈýÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ5Fe2++MnO4-+8H+=5Fe3++Mn2++4H2O£®
£¨4£©ÊµÑé²âµÃ¸Ã¾§ÌåÖÐÌúÔªËØµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ11.2%£®ÔÚ²½Öè¶þÖУ¬ÈôµÎ¼ÓµÄKMnO4ÈÜÒºµÄÁ¿²»¹»£¬Ôò²âµÃÌúµÄº¬Á¿Æ«¸ß£®£¨Ñ¡Ìî¡°Æ«µÍ¡±¡¢¡°Æ«¸ß¡±»ò¡°²»±ä¡±£©
| A£® | HCO3-+H2O?H3O++CO32- | B£® | HS-+H2O?H2S+OH- | ||
| C£® | Fe3++3H2O?Fe£¨OH£©3¡ý+3H+ | D£® | Br-+H2O?HBr+OH- |
£¨1£©ÍºÍŨÏõËá·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪCu+4H++2NO3-=Cu2++2NO2¡ü+2H2O£®¼ÓÈëŨÏõËáºó£¬×°ÖâñÖÐÉÕÆ¿Éϲ¿¿É¹Û²ìµ½µÄÏÖÏóÊÇÓкì×ØÉ«ÆøÌåÉú³É£®
£¨2£©ÒÇÆ÷aµÄÃû³ÆÎªÇòÐθÉÔï¹Ü£¬¸ÃÒÇÆ÷ÖÐÊ¢×°µÄÊÔ¼ÁÊÇD£¨Ìî±êºÅ£©£®
A£®Éúʯ»ÒB£®Å¨ÁòËáC£®¼îʯ»ÒD£®ÎåÑõ»¯¶þÁ×
£¨3£©ÒÑÖªÏÂÁÐÎïÖʵÄÓйØÊý¾Ý£®
| ÎïÖÊ | ÈÛµã/¡æ | ·Ðµã/¡æ |
| N2O5 | 41 | 32 £¨Éý»ª£© |
| N2O4 | -11 | 24 |
£¨4£©×°ÖâóµÄ×÷ÓÃÊǰ²È«Æ¿£¬·ÀÖ¹µ¹Îü£®
£¨5£©»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éÓÃÖÆµÃµÄN2O5ÖÆ±¸ÉÙÁ¿¶ÔÏõ»ù¼×±½£¨
¢ÙÖÆ±¸¶ÔÏõ»ù¼×±½µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
¢ÚN2O5Éú³É¶ÔÏõ»ù¼×±½µÄת»¯ÂÊΪ21.05%£®
£¨1£©Ò»¶¨µÄζȺʹ߻¯¼Á×÷ÓÃÏ£¬ÀûÓü×Íé¡¢°±ÆøÎªÔÁÏÑõ»¯ºÏ³ÉÇâÇèËᣮ
¢Ù°±ÆøµÄµç×ÓʽΪ
¢ÚºÏ³ÉÇâÇèËáµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2CH4+2NH3+3O2$\frac{\underline{\;Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þ\;}}{´ß»¯¼Á}$2HCN+6H2O
£¨2£©ÒÑÖª25¡æÊ±HCNºÍH2CO3µÄµçÀë³£Êý£¨Ka£©Èç±í£º
| ÎïÖÊ | µçÀë³£Êý£¨Ka£© |
| HCN | Ka=5¡Á10-10 |
| H2CO3 | Ka1=4.5¡Á10-7 Ka2=4.7¡Á10-11 |
£¨3£©-¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬HCNÓëH2ºÍH2O·´Ó¦ÈçÏ£º
I£®HCN£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?NH3£¨g£©+CH4£¨g£©¡÷H1
¢ò£®HCN£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©?NH3£¨g£©+CO£¨g£©¡÷H2
¢Ù·´Ó¦¢ó£¬CO£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?CH4£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©µÄ¡÷H=¡÷H1-¡÷H2 £¨Óá÷H1¡¢¡÷H2±íʾ£©£®
¢Ú¶ÔÓÚ·´Ó¦¢ò£¬¼õСѹǿ£¬HCNµÄת»¯Âʲ»±ä£¨Ìî¡°Ìá¸ß¡±¡¢¡°²»±ä¡±»ò¡°½µµÍ¡±£©£®
¢Û·´Ó¦I¡¢¢òµÄƽºâ³£Êý¶ÔÊýÖµ£¨lgK£©ÓëζȵĹØÏµÈçͼ¼×Ëùʾ£¬ÔòT1Kʱ£¬·´Ó¦¢óµÄƽºâ³£Êý¶ÔÊýÖµlgK=10£®
£¨4£©µç½â·¨´¦Àíº¬Çè·ÏË®µÄÔÀíÈçͼÒÒËùʾ£¬Ñô¼«CN-ÏÈ·¢Éúµç¼«·´Ó¦£ºCN-+2OH--2e-¨TCNO-+H2O£¬CNO-ÔÚÑô¼«ÉϽøÒ»²½Ñõ»¯µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª2CNO-+4OH--6e-=N2¡ü+2CO2¡ü+2H2O£®
| Ñ¡Ïî | Éú³ÉµÄÆøÌå | ÊÔ¼ÁX | ÊÔ¼ÁY |
| A | µçʯÓëË®·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡µÄÒÒȲ | CuSO4ÈÜÒº | äåË® |
| B | ľ̿ÓëŨH2SO4¼ÓÈȵõ½µÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ | ±¥ºÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒº | ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË® |
| C | CH3CH2BrÓëNaOH´¼ÈÜÒº¹²Èȵà µ½µÄÒÒÏ© | Ë® | KMnO4 ËáÐÔÈÜÒº |
| D | C2H5OHÓëŨH2SO4¼ÓÈÈÖÁ170¡æÖÆÈ¡µÄÒÒÏ© | NaOHÈÜÒº | äåË® |
| A£® | A | B£® | B | C£® | C | D£® | D |
| A£® | ³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©•c£¨OH -£©£ºa£¼b | |
| B£® | HX¡¢HY¶¼ÊÇÈõËᣬÇÒHXµÄËáÐÔ±ÈHYµÄÈõ | |
| C£® | ÏàͬζÈÏ£¬µçÀë³£ÊýK£¨ HX£©£ºa£¾b | |
| D£® | lg$\frac{v}{{v}_{0}}$=3£¬Èôͬʱ΢ÈÈÁ½ÖÖÈÜÒº£¨²»¿¼ÂÇHX¡¢HYºÍH2OµÄ»Ó·¢£©£¬Ôò$\frac{c£¨{X}^{-}£©}{c£¨{Y}^{-}£©}$¼õС |
| ÈõËáµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ | CH3COOH | HCN | H2S |
| µçÀë³£Êý | 1.8¡Á10-5 | 4.9¡Á10-10 | K1=9.1¡Á10-8 K2=1.1¡Á10-12 |
| A£® | µÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈµÄ¸÷ÈÜÒº pH ¹ØÏµÎª£ºpH£¨Na2S£©£¾pH£¨NaCN£©£¾pH£¨NaHS£©£¾pH£¨CH3COONa£© | |
| B£® | Óà 0.1mol/L µÄ NaOH ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨ pH ÖµÏàµÈµÄCH3COOHºÍ HCN ÈÜÒº£¬CH3COOHÏûºÄµÄNaOHÈÜÒºÌå»ý ¸ü´ó | |
| C£® | NaHS ºÍNa2S µÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ò»¶¨´æÔÚc£¨Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©+c£¨HS-£©+2c£¨S2-£©+c£¨H2S£© | |
| D£® | ijŨ¶ÈµÄNaCNÈÜÒºµÄ pH=d£¬ÔòÆäÖÐÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨OH-£©=10-4mol/L |