Question

8£®ÒÑ֪ijЩÈõµç½âÖÊÔÚË®ÖеĵçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¨25¡æ£©Èç±í£º

Èõµç½âÖÊ	H2CO3	NH3•H2O
µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý	Ka1=4.30¡Á10-7 Ka2=5.61¡Á10-11	Kb=1.77¡Á10-5

ÏÖÓг£ÎÂÏÂ0.1mol•L^-1µÄ£¨NH₄£©₂CO₃ÈÜÒº£¬
¢Ù¸ÃÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¨Ìî¡°Ëᡱ¡¢¡°ÖС±¡¢¡°¼î¡±£©£¬Ô­ÒòÊÇÓÉÓÚNH₃•H₂OµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý´óÓÚHCO₃^-µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬Òò´ËCO₃^2-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚNH₄⁺Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ
¢Ú¸Ã£¨NH₄£©₂CO₃ÈÜÒºÖи÷΢Á£Å¨¶ÈÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵʽ²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇBE£®
A£®c£¨NH₄⁺£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¾c£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©
B£®c£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨H⁺£©=c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨OH^-£©+c£¨CO₃^2-£©
C£®c£¨CO₃^2-£©+c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨H₂CO₃£©=0.1mol/L
D£®c£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©=2c£¨CO₃^2-£©+2c£¨HCO₃^-£©+2c£¨H₂CO₃£©
E£®c£¨H⁺£©+c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨H₂CO₃£©=c£¨OH^-£©+c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©

Answer 1

·ÖÎö ¢ÙÈõµç½âÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýԽС£¬ÆäÏàÓ¦µÄÈõÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶ÈÔ½´ó£¬Ì¼ËáµÚ¶þ²½µçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýСÓÚһˮºÏ°±µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬Ôò̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚһˮºÏ°±£¬¾Ý´ËÅжÏ̼ËáÄÆÈÜÒºËá¼îÐÔ£»
¢Ú̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ笠ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È£¬Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚһˮºÏ°±Å¨¶È£¬ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµçºÉÊغãºÍÎïÁÏÊغ㣬½áºÏµçºÉÊغ㡢ÎïÁÏÊغãºÍÖÊ×ÓÊغãÅжϣ®

½â´ð ½â£º¢Ù·ÖÎöµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý¿ÉÖªµçÀë³Ì¶È£¬NH₃•H₂O£¾H₂CO₃£¾HCO₃^-£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÑÎË®½â³Ì¶ÈNH₄⁺£¼HCO^3-£¼CO₃^2-£¬³£ÎÂÏÂ0.1mol•L^-1µÄ£¨NH₄£©₂CO₃ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚNH₃•H₂OµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý´óÓÚHCO₃^-µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬Òò´ËCO₃^2-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚNH₄⁺Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc £¨OH^-£©£¾c£¨H⁺£©£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼î£»ÓÉÓÚNH₃•H₂OµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý´óÓÚHCO₃^-µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬Òò´ËCO₃^2-Ë®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚNH₄⁺Ë®½â³Ì¶È£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
¢ÚA£®ÈÜÒºÖÐ笠ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚ̼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓŨ¶È£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ笠ùÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È£¬ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСΪ£ºc£¨NH₄⁺£©£¾c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¾c£¨HCO₃^-£©£¾c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµçºÉÊغãΪ£ºc£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨H⁺£©=c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨OH^-£©+2c£¨CO₃^2-£©£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®ÒÀ¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐÎïÁÏÊغãµÃµ½£ºc£¨CO₃^2-£©+c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨H₂CO₃£©=0.1mol•L^-1 £¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®ÒÀ¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐÎïÁÏÊغ㣬n£¨N£©£ºn£¨C£©=2£º1£¬½áºÏÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓÖÖÀàºÍÊغã¹ØϵµÃµ½£ºc£¨NH₄⁺£©+c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©=2c£¨CO₃^2-£©+2c£¨HCO₃^-£©+2c£¨H₂CO₃£©£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£»
E£®ÒÀ¾ÝÈÜÒºÖÐÖÊ×ÓÊغ㣬c£¨NH₃•H₂O£©+c£¨OH^-£©=c£¨HCO₃^-£©+c£¨OH^-£©+2c£¨H₂CO₃£©£¬¹ÊE´íÎó£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBE£®

µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÒÔÑÎÀàË®½âΪÔØÌ忼²éÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½Ï£¬Îª¸ßƵ¿¼µã£¬Ã÷È·µçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÓëÈõÀë×ÓË®½â³Ì¶È¹ØϵÊǽⱾÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢ÒâÊغã˼ÏëµÄÁé»îÔËÓã¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®