ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
10£®Ä³¶þÔªËᣨ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÓÃH2A±íʾ£©ÔÚË®ÖеĵçÀë·½³ÌʽÊÇ£¨µÚÒ»²½µçÀëÍêÈ«£©£ºH2A¨TH++HA-
HA-?H++A2-
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©Na2AÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¨Ìî¡°ËáÐÔ¡±¡¢¡°ÖÐÐÔ¡±»ò¡°¼îÐÔ¡±£©ÀíÓÉÊÇ£º£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©A2-+H2O?HA-+OH-£®
£¨2£©0.1mol/LµÄH2AÈÜÒºµÄpH£¼1£¨Ìî¡°£¼¡±¡¢¡°=¡±»ò¡°£¾¡±£©£®
£¨3£©0.1mol/LµÄNa2AÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÏÂÁÐ΢Á£Å¨¶È¹ØÏµ´íÎóµÄÊÇA£®
A£®c£¨Na+£©=2c£¨A2-£©=0.2mol/L
B£®c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©+c£¨HA-£©
C£®c £¨ Na+£©+c £¨ H+£©=c£¨ OH-£©+c £¨HA-£©+2c £¨A2-£©
D£®c£¨Na+£©=2c £¨A2-£©+2c £¨HA-£©
£¨4£©0.1mol•L-1 NaHAÈÜÒºÖи÷ÖÖÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HA-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨A2-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸Ã¶þÔªËáµÚÒ»²½ÍêÈ«µçÀ룬µÚ¶þ²½²¿·ÖµçÀ룬˵Ã÷A2-ÄÜË®½â¡¢HA-Ö»µçÀ벻ˮ½â£¬Na2AË®ÈÜÒºÖÐA2-Ë®½âµ¼ÖÂÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£»
£¨2£©H2AµÚÒ»²½µçÀëÍêÈ«£¬0.1mol/LµÄH2AÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚ0.1mol/L£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝÈÜÒºÖеĵçºÉÊØºã¡¢ÎïÁÏÊØºãÒÔ¼°ÖÊ×ÓÊØºãÀ´»Ø´ð£»
£¨4£©NaHAÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬´æÔÚHA-?H++A2-£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HA-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬½áºÏË®µÄµçÀë·ÖÎö£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¸Ã¶þÔªËáµÚÒ»²½ÍêÈ«µçÀ룬µÚ¶þ²½²¿·ÖµçÀ룬˵Ã÷A2-ÄÜË®½â¡¢HA-Ö»µçÀ벻ˮ½â£¬Na2AË®ÈÜÒºÖÐA2-Ë®½âµ¼ÖÂÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬Ë®½â·½³ÌʽΪA2-+H2O?HA-+OH-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼îÐÔ£»A2-+H2O?HA-+OH-£»
£¨2£©H2AµÚÒ»²½µçÀëÍêÈ«£¬0.1mol/LµÄH2AÈÜÒºÖÐÇâÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚ0.1mol/L£¬pH£¼1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
£¨3£©A¡¢¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊØºã£¬c£¨Na+£©=2[c£¨A2-£©+c£¨HA-£©]=0.2mol/L£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B¡¢¸ù¾ÝÖÊ×ÓÊØºãµÃ£ºc£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£©+c£¨HA-£©£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C¡¢0.1mol/LµÄNa2AÈÜÒºÖУ¬´æÔÚµçºÉÊØºã£ºc£¨ Na+£©+c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©+c£¨HA-£©+2c£¨A2-£©£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢Ô×ÓÊØºã¿ÉÒԵóöc£¨Na+£©=2c£¨A2-£©+2c£¨HA-£©£¬¹ÊDÕýÈ·£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºA£»
£¨4£©NaHAÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬´æÔÚHA-?H++A2-£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HA-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬½áºÏË®µÄµçÀëH2O?H++OH-£¬Í¬Ê±Óв¿·ÖA2-·¢ÉúË®½â£¬Ê¹c£¨A2-£©¼õС£¬ËùÒÔc£¨H+£©£¾c£¨A2-£©£¬¼´NaHAÈÜÒºÖи÷ÖÖÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪ£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HA-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨A2-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HA-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨A2-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½Ï¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½â¡¢ÈÜÒºpHµÄ¼ÆËãµÈ֪ʶ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Ã÷È·ÈÜÒºËá¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÈÜÒºpHµÄ¼ÆËã·½·¨Îª½â´ð¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢ÒâÕÆÎÕÅжÏÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óСµÄ·½·¨£®
| A£® | 6.02¡Á1023¸ö̼-12Ô×Ó¾ÍÊǰ¢·ü¼ÓµÂÂÞ³£Êý | |
| B£® | 1molÑõº¬6.02¡Á1023¸öO2·Ö×Ó | |
| C£® | 1 mol CaCl2Öк¬2molÀë×Ó | |
| D£® | 0.5molCl2º¬1molClÔ×Ó |
| A£® | Èôx=1£¬ÈÝÆ÷Ìå»ý±£³Ö²»±ä£¬ÐÂÆ½ºâÏÂEµÄƽºâŨ¶ÈΪa mol/L | |
| B£® | Èôx=2£¬ÈÝÆ÷Ìå»ý±£³Ö²»±ä£¬ÐÂÆ½ºâÏÂFµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ50% | |
| C£® | Èôx=3£¬ÈÝÆ÷ѹǿ±£³Ö²»±ä£¬ÐÂÆ½ºâÏÂG ƽºâŨ¶ÈΪ0.75a mol/L | |
| D£® | ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÄæ·´Ó¦ÎªÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬·´Ó¦Îï×ÜÄÜÁ¿´óÓÚÉú³ÉÎï×ÜÄÜÁ¿ |
| A£® | ÓÃСËÕ´ò£¨NaHCO3£©ÖÎÁÆÎ¸ËᣨHC1£©¹ý¶à£ºCO32-+2H+¨TCO2¡ü+H2O | |
| B£® | ÂÈ»¯ÌúÈÜÒº¸¯Ê´Í²ÖÆÓ¡Ë¢Ïß·°å£ºFe3++Cu¨TFe2++Cu2+ | |
| C£® | ÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾ÈÜÓÚÑÎË᣺Mg£¨OH£©2+2H+¨TMg2++2H2O | |
| D£® | Fe3+ÓëI-·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£ºFe3++2I-¨TFe2++I2 |
| A£® | Á½ÉÕ±ÖоùÎÞÆøÅݲúÉú | B£® | È¥µôÁ½ÉÕ±£¬¸Ü¸ËÓÒ¶ËϳÁ | ||
| C£® | È¥µôÁ½ÉÕ±£¬¸Ü¸ËÈÔÆ½ºâ | D£® | ×ó±ßÉÕ±ÖеÄÈÜÒºÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙÁË |
| A£® | Fe3+¡¢H+¡¢SO42-¡¢ClO- | B£® | Fe3+¡¢H+¡¢SO42-¡¢NO3- | ||
| C£® | Al3+¡¢Na+¡¢SO42-¡¢CO32- | D£® | K+¡¢H+¡¢I-¡¢MnO4- |
| A£® | c£¨Na+£©£¼2c£¨CO32-£©+c£¨HCO3-£©+c£¨OH-£© | |
| B£® | c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©+c£¨HCO3-£©+c£¨H2CO3£© | |
| C£® | Èôc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨a£¾0.5 | |
| D£® | Èôc£¨CO32-£©+2c£¨OH-£©=2c£¨H+£©+c£¨HCO3-£©+3c£¨H2CO3£©£¬Ôò¿ÉÈ·¶¨a=0.5 |
| A£® | °±ÆøÍ¨ÈëÏ¡ÁòËá NH3+H+¨TNH4+ | |
| B£® | Ï¡ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒººÍÂÈ»¯ï§ÈÜÒº»ìºÏ NH4++OH-¨TNH3•H2O | |
| C£® | ̼ËáÇâ狀ÍŨÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏ NH4++OH-¨TNH3¡ü+H2O | |
| D£® | Cl2ºÍË®·´Ó¦ Cl2+H2O¨TH++Cl-+HClO |